Michel de Montaigne

Michel Eyquem, Seigneur de Montaigne (mɒnˈteɪn ; miʃɛl ekɛm də mɔ̃tɛɲ; 28 February 1533 – 13 September 1592), commonly known as Michel de Montaigne, was one of the most significant philosophers of the French Renaissance. He is known for popularizing the essay as a literary genre. His work is noted for its merging of casual anecdotes and autobiography with intellectual insight. Montaigne had a direct influence on numerous Western writers; his massive volume Essais contains some of the most influential essays ever written. During his lifetime, Montaigne was admired more as a statesman than as an author. The tendency in his essays to digress into anecdotes and personal ruminations was seen as detrimental to proper style rather than as an innovation, and his declaration that "I am myself the matter of my book" was viewed by his contemporaries as self-indulgent. In time, however, Montaigne came to be recognized as embodying, perhaps better than any other author of his time, the spirit of freely entertaining doubt that began to emerge at that time. He is most famously known for his skeptical remark, ''Que sçay-je?" ("What do I know?", in Middle French; now rendered as "Que sais-je?" in modern French). Montaigne was born in the Aquitaine region of France, on the family estate Château de Montaigne in a town now called Saint-Michel-de-Montaigne, close to Bordeaux. The family was very wealthy. His great-grandfather, Ramon Felipe Eyquem, had made a fortune as a herring merchant - and had bought the estate in 1477, thus becoming the Lord of Montaigne. His father, Pierre Eyquem, Seigneur of Montaigne, was a French Catholic soldier in Italy for a time, and had also been the mayor of Bordeaux. Although there were several families bearing the patronym "Eyquem" in Guyenne, his father's family is thought to have had some degree of Marrano (Spanish and Portuguese Jewish) origins, while his mother, Antoinette López de Villanueva, was a convert to Protestantism. His maternal grandfather, Pedro López, from Zaragoza, was from a wealthy Marrano (Sephardic Jewish) family, that had converted to Catholicism.

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Renouvellement urbain à Alger, le cas El Hamma (Algérie)

Abdessamed Berbar

Le quartier d'El-Hamma est une friche urbaine où le tissu résidentiel et industriel s'entremêlent. Le devenir de celui-ci passe par son renouvèlement urbain en une centralité nouvelle de la ville. Dès son indépendance, la ville d'Alger connaît un développement anarchique et déstructurant. Ces dernières années, une croissance économique importante permit d'entamer sa restructuration. Les premiers résultats apparents de cette volonté s'expriment à l'aide de travaux d'infrastructure tels que : le tramway et le métro d'Alger. S'appuyant sur cette volonté des autorités de donner à la ville un nouveau visage, ce projet est un voyage explorant différentes échelles, dont l'intention est d'obtenir une cohérence projectuelle. Une volonté de partir du territoire pour aboutir à l'individu, dont le but est de produire le dessin d'un nouveau quartier. De plus, il s'agit de lier deux disciplines dépendantes l'une de l'autre sous le concept du développement durable : l'urbanisme et l'architecture. Le thème du renouvellement urbain s'attache à un contexte urbain délicat, la ville d'Alger. Cette toile de fond est mélange entre un passé tumultueux issu de la colonisation et la recherche d'une vie meilleure à l'aide d'une indépendance vacillante. L'intention projectuelle de départ est la fixation d'éléments stables qui participent à la structure urbaine de la ville : un pôle d'échanges multimodaux et une place. L'énergie produite entre ces programmes donne l'opportunité de redynamiser le quartier.

2009

Michel de Montaigne

Renaissance philosophy

The designation "Renaissance philosophy" is used by historians of philosophy to refer to the thought of the period running in Europe roughly between 1400 and 1600. It therefore overlaps both with late medieval philosophy, which in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries was influenced by notable figures such as Albert the Great, Thomas Aquinas, William of Ockham, and Marsilius of Padua, and early modern philosophy, which conventionally starts with René Descartes and his publication of the Discourse on Method in 1637.

Classics

Classics or classical studies is the study of classical antiquity. In the Western world, classics traditionally refers to the study of Classical Greek and Roman literature and their related original languages, Ancient Greek and Latin. Classics also includes Greco-Roman philosophy, history, archaeology, anthropology, art, mythology and society as secondary subjects. In Western civilization, the study of the Greek and Roman classics was traditionally considered to be the foundation of the humanities, and has, therefore, traditionally been the cornerstone of a typical elite European education.