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A mongrel, mutt or mixed-breed dog is a dog that does not belong to one officially recognized breed and including those that are the result of intentional breeding. Although the term mixed-breed dog is sometimes preferred, many mongrels have no known purebred ancestors. Crossbreed dogs, and "designer dogs", while also a mix of breeds, differ from mongrels in being intentionally bred. At other times, the word mongrel has been applied to informally purpose-bred dogs such as curs, which were created at least in part from mongrels, especially if the breed is not officially recognized. Although mongrels are viewed as of less commercial value than intentionally bred dogs, they are thought to be less susceptible to genetic health problems associated with inbreeding (based on the theory of heterosis), and have enthusiasts and defenders who prefer them to intentionally bred dogs. Estimates place the prevalence of mongrels at 150 million animals worldwide. File:Mongrel.jpg|[[DNA sequencing]] showed this mongrel dog to be a mix of [[Labrador retriever]], [[Bull Mastiff]], [[Chow Chow|Chow]], [[Australian Cattle Dog]], [[Corgi]], and [[Pit Bull]]. File:Mongrel dog.jpg|[[Spinone Italiano]]-[[German Shepherd]] mixed-breed dog File:Heterochromia dog sideways.jpg|[[Australian Shepherd]]-[[Border Collie]] mixed-breed dog File:DogsMixedBreedlittermates.jpg|Although these mongrels are [[Litter (animal)|littermates]] of an [[Australian Shepherd]] mother, they look quite different and neither exactly resembles that breed. File:Mexican Street Dog.jpg|A Mexican street mutt File:Mongrel dog.png|Mongrel of visually indeterminable lineage File:Vira lata sem identificacao.jpg|Mid-size Brazilian mixed-breed dog File:Zazu the dog on Lion's Head mountain 34.jpg|A two year old dog of unknown parentage, possibly Australian Shepherd and [[Golden Retriever]]. File:Безпородний собака.jpg|Ukrainian mixed-breed dog In the United States, the term mixed-breed is a favored synonym over mongrel among individuals who wish to avoid negative connotations associated with the latter term.

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Dog

The dog (Canis familiaris or Canis lupus familiaris) is a domesticated descendant of the wolf. Also called the domestic dog, it is derived from extinct Pleistocene wolves, and the modern wolf is the dog's nearest living relative. Dogs were the first species to be domesticated by hunter-gatherers over 15,000 years ago before the development of agriculture. Due to their long association with humans, dogs have expanded to a large number of domestic individuals and gained the ability to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canids.

Dog breeding

Dog breeding is the practice of mating selected dogs with the intention of maintaining or producing specific qualities and characteristics. When dogs reproduce without such human intervention, their offspring's characteristics are determined by natural selection, while "dog breeding" refers specifically to the artificial selection of dogs, in which dogs are intentionally bred by their owners. Breeding relies on the science of genetics, hence a breeder who is knowledgeable on canine genetics, health, and the intended purpose of the dogs attempts to breed suitable dogs.

Golden Retriever

The Golden Retriever is a Scottish breed of retriever dog of medium size. It is characterised by a gentle and affectionate nature and a striking golden coat. It is commonly kept as a pet and is among the most frequently registered breeds in several Western countries. It is a frequent competitor in dog shows and obedience trials; it is also used as a gundog, and may be trained for use as a guide dog. The breed was created by Sir Dudley Marjoribanks at his Scottish estate Guisachan in the late nineteenth century.