An electronic control unit (ECU), also known as an electronic control module (ECM), is an embedded system in automotive electronics that controls one or more of the electrical systems or subsystems in a car or other motor vehicle.
Modern vehicles have many ECUs, and these can include some or all of the following: engine control module (ECM), powertrain control module (PCM), transmission control module (TCM), brake control module (BCM or EBCM), central control module (CCM), central timing module (CTM), general electronic module (GEM), body control module (BCM), and suspension control module (SCM). These ECUs together are sometimes referred to collectively as the car's computer though technically they are all separate computers, not a single one. Sometimes an assembly incorporates several individual control modules (a PCM often controls both the engine and the transmission).
Some modern motor vehicles have up to 150 ECUs. Embedded software in ECUs continues to increase in line count, complexity, and sophistication. Managing the increasing complexity and number of ECUs in a vehicle has become a key challenge for original equipment manufacturers (OEMs).
Generic Industry Controller Naming - Is the naming of controllers where the logical thought of the controller's name implies the system the controller is responsible for controlling
Generic Powertrain The Generic Powertrain pertains to a vehicle's emission system and is the only regulated controller name.
Other Controllers All other controller names are decided upon by the individual OEM. The engine controller may have several different names, such as "DME", "Enhanced Powertrain", "PGM-FI" and many others.
Door control unit (DCU)
Engine control unit (ECU) — not to be confused with electronic control unit, the generic term for all these devices
Electric Power Steering Control Unit (PSCU) — Generally this will be integrated into the EPS power pack.
Human–machine interface (HMI)
Powertrain control module (PCM): Sometimes the functions of the Engine Control Unit and transmission control module (TCM) are combined into a single unit called the Powertrain Control Module.
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A Controller Area Network (CAN bus) is a vehicle bus standard designed to allow microcontrollers and devices to communicate with each other's applications without a host computer. It is a message-based protocol, designed originally for multiplex electrical wiring within automobiles to save on copper, but it can also be used in many other contexts. For each device, the data in a frame is transmitted serially but in such a way that if more than one device transmits at the same time, the highest priority device can continue while the others back off.
A traction control system (TCS), also known as ASR (from Antriebsschlupfregelung), is typically (but not necessarily) a secondary function of the electronic stability control (ESC) on production motor vehicles, designed to prevent loss of traction (i.e., wheelspin) of the driven road wheels. TCS is activated when throttle input and engine power and torque transfer are mismatched to the road surface conditions.
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Covers the introduction to Controller Area Network (CAN) and CANopen protocols used in spacecraft avionics systems, including network standards, future trends, and communication objects.
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