Blockhaus d'Éperlecques | EPFL Graph Search

The Blockhaus d'Éperlecques (Bunker of Éperlecques, also referred to as "the Watten bunker" or simply "Watten") is a Second World War bunker, now part of a museum, near Saint-Omer in the northern Pas-de-Calais département of France, and only some 14.4 kilometers (8.9 miles) north-northwest from the more developed La Coupole V-2 launch facility, in the same general area. The bunker, built by Nazi Germany under the codename Kraftwerk Nord West (Powerplant Northwest) between March 1943 and July 1944, was originally intended to be a launching facility for the V-2 (A-4) ballistic missile. It was designed to accommodate over 100 missiles at a time and to launch up to 36 daily. The facility would have incorporated a liquid oxygen factory and a bomb-proof train station to allow missiles and supplies to be delivered from production facilities in Germany. It was constructed using the labour of thousands of prisoners of war and forcibly conscripted workers used as slave labourers. The bunker was never completed as a result of the repeated bombing by the British and United States air forces as part of Operation Crossbow against the German V-weapons programme. The attacks caused substantial damage and rendered the bunker unusable for its original purpose. Part of the bunker was subsequently completed for use as a liquid oxygen factory. It was captured by Allied forces at the start of September 1944, though its true purpose was not discovered by the Allies until after the war. V-2s were instead launched from Meillerwagen-based mobile batteries which were far less vulnerable to aerial attacks. The bunker is preserved as part of a privately owned museum that presents the history of the site and the German V-weapons programme. It has been protected by the French state as a monument historique since 1986. The A-4 ballistic missile (referred to as the V-2 from September 1944) was developed by the Germans between 1939 and 1944. It was regarded by Adolf Hitler as a Wunderwaffe (wonder weapon) that he believed to be capable of turning the tide of the war.

Transformer vers le haut

Sophie Lufkin

Comment encourager la ville à se transformer sur elle-même ? Plusieurs modalités sont susceptibles d’aider la ville à acquérir la faculté de se densifier à l’intérieur de ses propres limites. Si des opérations de renouvellement urbain, à l’instar des régénérations de friches industrielles, sont l’opportunité de repenser dans un temps court des portions conséquentes du tissu urbain, d’autres mécanismes plus circonscrits, à l’instar du remplissage des interstices (« dents creuses ») et de l’agrandissement ou la substitution des immeubles existants, offrent l’avantage d’interventions ponctuelles qui n’engendrent pas de mutation radicale à l’échelle du quartier. Parmi ce deuxième type de stratégies plus ciblées, l’extension verticale des bâtiments présente bon nombre d’atouts.

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