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Concept
Tibetan sovereignty debate
Summary
The Tibetan sovereignty debate refers to two political debates. The first political debate is about whether or not the various territories which are within the People's Republic of China (PRC) that are claimed as political Tibet should separate themselves from China and become a new sovereign state. Many of the points in this political debate rest on the points which are within the second historical debate, about whether Tibet was independent or subordinate to China during certain periods of its recent history.
It is generally believed that China and Tibet were independent prior to the Yuan dynasty (1271–1368), and Tibet has been ruled by the People's Republic of China (PRC) since 1959.
The nature of Tibet's relationship with China in the intervening period is a matter of debate:
The PRC asserts that Tibet has been a part of China since the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty.
The Republic of China (ROC) asserted that "Tibet was then definitely placed under the sovereignty of China" when the Qing dynasty (1636–1912) ended the brief Nepalese invasion (1788–1792) of parts of Tibet in c. 1793.
The Tibetan Government in Exile asserts that Tibet was an independent state until the PRC invaded Tibet in 1949/1950.
Most outside scholars maintain that Tibet and China were ruled by the Mongols during the Yuan dynasty, treating Tibet and China as separate realms under a common rule; that Tibet was independent during the Han-led Ming dynasty (1368–1644); and that Tibet was ruled by China, or at the very least subordinate to the Manchu-led Qing dynasty during much of the Qing dynasty.
Most outside scholars maintain that Tibet was independent from c. 1912 to 1951, but with limited international recognition.
Between 1911 and 1951 Tibet was free of the paramountcy of the Republic of China and functioned as a de facto independent entity. However it did not receive the de jure international recognition of a legal status separate from China.
Today's Tibet is internationally recognized as part of China.
Official source
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