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Concept
Sotāpanna
Summary
In Buddhism, a sotāpanna (Pali), srotaāpanna (Sanskrit; , , Burmese: သောတာပန်, Tibetan: རྒྱུན་ཞུགས་, Wylie: rgyun zhugs), "stream-enterer", "stream-winner", or "stream-entrant" is a person who has seen the Dharma and thereby has dropped the first three fetters (Pāli: samyojana, Sanskrit: saṃyojana) that bind a being to a possible rebirth in one of the three lower realms (animals, hungry ghosts, and beings suffering in and from hellish states), namely self-view (sakkāya-ditthi), clinging to rites and rituals (sīlabbata-parāmāsa), and skeptical indecision (Vicikitsa).
The word sotāpanna literally means "one who entered (āpanna) the stream (sota), stream-enterer", after a metaphor which calls the noble eightfold path a stream which leads to a vast ocean, nibbāna. Entering the stream (sotāpatti) is the first of the four stages of enlightenment.
The is termed the path of stream-entry (sotāpatti-magga), which cuts through the first three fetters. The person who experiences it is called a stream-winner (sotāpanna).
The sotāpanna is said to attain an intuitive grasp of the dharma—this wisdom being called right view (sammā diṭṭhi)—and has unshakable confidence in the Buddha, Dharma, and Sangha. The Buddha, Dharma, and Sangha, sometimes taken to be the triple refuge, are at other times listed as being objects of recollection. In general though, confirmed confidence in the Buddha, Dharma, and Sangha, is considered to be one of the four limbs of stream-winning (sotāpannassa angāni). The sotapanna is said to have "opened the eye of the Dhamma" (dhammacakkhu), because they have realized that whatever arises will cease (impermanence). Their conviction in the true dharma would at this point be unshakable.
The sotāpanna has had their first glimpse of the unconditioned element, the asankhata, in which they see the goal, in (magga-phala). Whereas the stream-entrant has seen nibbāna and therefore has verified confidence in it, the arahant can drink fully of its waters, to use a simile from the Kosambi Sutta (SN 12.
Official source
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