Esophagogastroduodenoscopy

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) or oesophagogastroduodenoscopy (OGD), also called by various other names, is a diagnostic endoscopic procedure that visualizes the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract down to the duodenum. It is considered a minimally invasive procedure since it does not require an incision into one of the major body cavities and does not require any significant recovery after the procedure (unless sedation or anesthesia has been used). However, a sore throat is common. The words esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD; American English) and oesophagogastroduodenoscopy (OGD; British English; see spelling differences) are both pronounced ᵻˌsɒfəɡoʊ-ˌɡæstroʊ-ˌduːoʊ-dᵻˈnɒskoʊ-pi. It is also called panendoscopy (PES) and upper GI endoscopy. It is also often called just upper endoscopy, upper GI, or even just endoscopy; because EGD is the most commonly performed type of endoscopy, the ambiguous term endoscopy is sometimes informally used to refer to EGD by default. The term gastroscopy literally focuses on the stomach alone, but in practice, the usage overlaps. Unexplained anemia (usually along with a colonoscopy) Upper gastrointestinal bleeding as evidenced by hematemesis or melena Persistent dyspepsia in patients over the age of 45 years Heartburn and chronic acid reflux – this can lead to a precancerous lesion called Barrett's esophagus Persistent emesis Dysphagia – difficulty in swallowing Odynophagia – painful swallowing Persistent nausea IBD (inflammatory bowel diseases) Surveillance of Barrett's esophagus Surveillance of gastric ulcer or duodenal ulcer Occasionally after gastric surgery Abnormal barium swallow or barium meal Confirmation of celiac disease (via biopsy) Treatment (banding/sclerotherapy) of esophageal varices Injection therapy (e.g., epinephrine in bleeding lesions) Cutting off of larger pieces of tissue with a snare device (e.g., polyps, endoscopic mucosal resection) Application of cautery to tissues Removal of foreign bodies (e.g.