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Concept
Newcastle upon Tyne
Summary
Newcastle upon Tyne (RP: ˈnjuːkɑːsəl , njuːˈkæsəl ), or simply Newcastle, is a city and metropolitan borough in Tyne and Wear, England. It is located on the River Tyne's northern bank and is the largest part of the Tyneside. With a population of 286,445 (at the 2021 UK census) it is North East England's most populated settlement in the census.
It developed around a Roman settlement called Pons Aelius, the settlement became known as Monkchester before taking on the name of a castle built in 1080 by William the Conqueror's eldest son, Robert Curthose. It was one of the world's largest industrial revolution ship building and repair centres. The city is now known for its nightlife; bakery chain Greggs; television personalities Ant & Dec; the Great North Run half-marathon; and Newcastle United Football Club.
Newcastle was historically part of the county of Northumberland until 1400, when it became a county in its own right separate from Northumberland. The city council is part of the North of Tyne Combined Authority.
History of Newcastle upon Tyne
The first recorded settlement in what is now Newcastle was Pons Aelius ("Hadrian's bridge"), a Roman fort and bridge across the River Tyne. It was given the family name of the Roman Emperor Hadrian, who founded it in the 2nd century AD. This rare honour suggests Hadrian may have visited the site and instituted the bridge on his tour of Britain. The population of Pons Aelius then is estimated at 2,000. Fragments of Hadrian's Wall are visible in parts of Newcastle, particularly along the West Road. The course of the "Roman Wall" can be traced eastwards to the Segedunum Roman fort in Wallsend – the "wall's end" – and to the separate supply fort of Arbeia in South Shields, across the river from Hadrian's Wall.
The extent of Hadrian's Wall was , spanning the width of Britain; the Wall incorporated the Vallum, a large rearward ditch with parallel mounds, and was built primarily for defence and to prevent the incursion of Pictish tribes from the north, and probably not as a fighting line for a major invasion.
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