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Concept
Bluetooth stack
Summary
A Bluetooth stack is software that is an implementation of the Bluetooth protocol stack.
Bluetooth stacks can be roughly divided into two distinct categories:
General-purpose implementations that are written with emphasis on feature-richness and flexibility, usually for desktop computers. Support for additional s can typically be added through drivers.
Embedded system implementations intended for use in devices where resources are limited and demands are lower, such as Bluetooth peripheral devices.
The FreeBSD bluetooth stack is implemented using the Netgraph framework. A broad variety of Bluetooth USB dongles are supported by the ng_ubt driver.
The implementation was committed in 2002, and first released with FreeBSD 5.0.
NetBSD has its own Bluetooth implementation, committed in 2006, and first released with .
OpenBSD has had the implementation from NetBSD for some time, but it was removed in 2014 due lack of maintainership and code rot.
DragonFly BSD has had NetBSD's Bluetooth implementation since 1.11 (2008), first released with .
A netgraph-based implementation from FreeBSD has also been available in the tree since 2008, dating to an import of Netgraph from the FreeBSD 7 timeframe into DragonFly, but was possibly disabled until 2014-11-15, and may still require more work.
BlueALSA is a Bluetooth audio ALSA backend that allows the use of Bluetooth-connected audio devices without the use of PulseAudio or PipeWire.
BlueZ, initially developed by Qualcomm, is a Bluetooth stack, included with the official Linux kernel distributions, for Linux kernel-based family of operating systems. Its goal is to program an implementation of the Bluetooth wireless standards specifications for Linux. As of 2006, the BlueZ stack supports all core Bluetooth protocols and layers. It was initially developed by Qualcomm, and is available for Linux kernel versions 2.4.6 and up. In addition to the basic stack, the bluez-utils and bluez-firmware packages contain low level utilities such as dfutool which can interrogate the Bluetooth adapter chipset to determine whether its firmware can be upgraded.
Official source
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