Final Solution | EPFL Graph Search

The Final Solution (die Endlösung, diː ˈʔɛntˌløːzʊŋ) or the Final Solution to the Jewish Question (Endlösung der Judenfrage, ˈɛntˌløːzʊŋ deːɐ̯ ˈjuːdn̩ˌfʁaːɡə) was a Nazi plan for the genocide of individuals they defined as Jews during World War II. The "Final Solution to the Jewish question" was the official code name for the murder of all Jews within reach, which was not restricted to the European continent. This policy of deliberate and systematic genocide starting across German-occupied Europe was formulated in procedural and geopolitical terms by Nazi leadership in January 1942 at the Wannsee Conference held near Berlin, and culminated in the Holocaust, which saw the murder of 90% of Polish Jews, and two-thirds of the Jewish population of Europe. The Final Solution did not, however, include the hundreds of thousands of Jews killed by Romanian forces. By far the greatest extermination of Jews by non-German forces, this genocide was "operationally separate from the Nazi Final Soluti

Specification of the cross nested logit model with sampling of alternatives for route choice models

Michel Bierlaire, Xinjun Lai

A novel approach is proposed to use the Cross Nested Logit (CNL) model in route choice when sampling of paths is considered. It adopts the Metropolis-Hasting algorithm to sample the choice sets for the model. A new expansion factor and an approximation method are put forward to calculate the sampled probabilities of alternatives. We build on state-of-the-art results for the Multivariate Extreme Value models and extend then to the route choice context. Case studies on both synthetic data and a real network demonstrate that the new method is valid and practical. This paper thus provides an operational solution to use the CNL model in the route choice context, where the number of alternatives is particularly large.

2014

Indoor Navigation of Emergency Agents

Bertrand Merminod, Phillip Tomé, Okan Yalak

Existing indoor navigation solutions usually rely on pre-installed sensor networks, whereas emergency agents are interested in fully auto-deployable systems. In this paper, an almost self-deployable solution based on Radio-frequency identification tags and inertial Micro Electro Mechanical Sensors is presented. The benefits of the solution are evaluated and compared with the pure inertial positioning system.

2007

Gravity anomalies from airborne measurements - experiments using a low cost IMU device

Telmo Cunha, Phillip Tomé

The gravity field may be determined using different techniques, but airborne gravity surveying is becoming a powerful tool mainly due to its potential in remote areas. One of the main problems in airborne gravity is the separation of the vertical accelerations acting on the airborne platform from the natural gravity anomalies. GPS information can be used for INS in-flight alignment, calibration of inertial sensor readings and ensure long term navigational accuracy for low cost inertial navigation systems. Such a system was developed in support of an airborne gravimetric and altimetric campaign that took place in the Azores region, Portugal in October 1997, in the scope of the AGMASCO (Airborne Geoid MApping System for Coastal Oceanography) project. This system was originally developed with the only purpose of determining the navigational parameters (attitude, velocity and position) of the aircraft. However, it is also capable of producing estimates of the vertical gravity anomaly. Since this anomaly is one of the main perturbations to the performance of the navigation system, it had to be estimated together with the inertial sensor biases in order to improve the final solutions. Therefore it was decided to test the ability of a low cost Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) as a gravity measuring device. This paper describes the methodology followed to obtain estimates of the local gravity anomaly by integrating GPS and inertial measurements. The results show that the gravity anomaly measured by diferential GPS/IMU integrated system matches quite well the results obtained with Lacoste & Romberg (L&R) sea and air gravimeters. The ability of this kind of inertial system to recover gravity anomalies, focused on medium wavelengths perturbation signals, was evaluated. The lack of long term stability of the IMU accelerometers and gyros renders long wavelength gravity anomaly determination impracticable. This integrated DGPS/IMU system can be seen as a complement to a gravimeter, which exhibits a long term stability.

2000

Gravity anomalies from airborne measurements - experiments using a low cost IMU device

Telmo Cunha, Phillip Tomé

2000