Death of Adolf Hitler

Adolf Hitler, chancellor and dictator of Germany from 1933 to 1945, committed suicide via gunshot on 30 April 1945 in the Führerbunker in Berlin after it became clear that Germany would lose the Battle of Berlin, which led to the end of World War II in Europe. Eva Braun, his wife of one day, also committed suicide, taking cyanide. In accordance with Hitler's prior written and verbal instructions, that afternoon their remains were carried up the stairs and through the bunker's emergency exit to the Reich Chancellery garden, where they were doused in petrol and burned. The news of Hitler's death was announced on German radio the next day, 1 May. Eyewitnesses who saw Hitler's body immediately after his suicide testified that he died from a self-inflicted gunshot, which has been established to have been a shot to the temple. Otto Günsche, Hitler's personal adjutant, who handled both bodies, testified that while Braun's smelled strongly of burnt almonds - an indication of cyanide poisoning - there was no such odour about Hitler's body, which smelled of gunpowder. Dental remains extracted from the soil in the garden were matched with Hitler's dental records in May 1945. The dental remains were later confirmed as being Hitler's. The Soviet Union restricted the release of information and released many conflicting reports about Hitler's death. Historians have largely rejected these as part of a deliberate disinformation campaign by Joseph Stalin to sow confusion regarding Hitler's death, or have attempted to reconcile them. Soviet records allege that the burnt remains of Hitler and Braun were recovered, despite eyewitness accounts that they were almost completely reduced to ashes. In June 1945, the Soviets began seeding two contradictory narratives: that Hitler died by taking cyanide and that he had survived and fled to another country. Following extensive review, West Germany issued a death certificate in 1956. Conspiracy theories about Hitler's death continue to attract interest.

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Adolf Hitler

Adolf Hitler (ˈaːdɔlf ˈhɪtlɐ; 20 April 1889 - 30 April 1945) was an Austrian-born German politician who was the dictator of Germany from 1933 until his suicide in 1945. He rose to power as the leader of the Nazi Party, becoming the chancellor in 1933 and then taking the title of Führer und Reichskanzler in 1934. During his dictatorship, he initiated World War II in Europe by invading Poland on 1 September 1939. He was closely involved in military operations throughout the war and was central to the perpetration of the Holocaust, the genocide of about six million Jews and millions of other victims.

Battle of Berlin

The 'Battle of Berlin, designated as the Berlin Strategic Offensive Operation by the Soviet Union, and also known as the Fall of Berlin', was one of the last major offensives of the European theatre of World War II. After the Vistula–Oder offensive of January–February 1945, the Red Army had temporarily halted on a line east of Berlin. On 9 March, Germany established its defence plan for the city with Operation Clausewitz. The first defensive preparations at the outskirts of Berlin were made on 20 March, under the newly appointed commander of Army Group Vistula, General Gotthard Heinrici.

SMERSH

SMERSH (СМЕРШ) was an umbrella organization for three independent counter-intelligence agencies in the Red Army formed in late 1942 or even earlier, but officially announced only on 14 April 1943. The name SMERSH was coined by Joseph Stalin. The formal justification for its creation was to subvert the attempts by Nazi German forces to infiltrate the Red Army on the Eastern Front.

Revalorisation d'un espace oublié, Berlin

Yannick Tonetti, Valentin Hautier

Dès le XIXe siècle, les maîtres brasseurs berlinois sont les premiers à creuser le sous-sol pour leurs exploitations. Depuis cette époque, le sous-sol regorge de constructions tant civiles que militaires. Un certain nombre de ces ouvrages a été oublié au fil des ans. Pendant l'entre-deux guerre, Adolf Hitler, assisté de son architecte Albert Speer, projette de transformer Berlin en une capitale du monde, qu'il nommerait Germania. Dans ce contexte, de vastes travaux sont entrepris. Particulièrement dans le parc du Tiergarten par la construction du premier échangeur routier souterrain entre les futurs axes principaux de circulation, Nord-Sud et Est-Ouest: ce dernier étant l'actuel 17. Juni Strasse. L'arrivée de la Seconde Guerre mondiale interrompt les travaux, ne laissant que trois portions de tunnels inachevées à quelques mètres sous terre, à savoir deux tunnels routiers et un destiné au métro. L'intervention s'implante dans le patrimoine souterrain, oublié de la majorité des berlinois. Le projet génère un lien mettant en valeur ces anciens tunnels par une architecture appropriée. Cet ouvrage invite le berlinois à la découverte d'une partie de son histoire souterraine mais aussi de son génie inventif. Il propose un lieu culturel unique, inédit, et ceci en plein cœur du parc. La découverte des lieux amène le visiteur à éprouver des sensations, à se questionner, à pénétrer leur monde souterrain ...

2015

Topology of Adeles MATH-603: Subconvexity, Periods and Equidistribution

Covers the topology of Adeles and their relationship with quadratic forms, polynomial varieties, and finiteness properties.