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Evolution can be described as the change of allele frequencies over time. Four forces - mutation, migration, genetic drift, and selection, drive this change. The aim of my thesis was to accurately estimate and differentiate the parameters governing each of ...
In settings with high tuberculosis (TB) endemicity, distinct genotypes of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) often differ in prevalence. However, the factors leading to these differences remain poorly understood. Here we studied the MTBC populat ...
This thesis is inscribed in the recent efforts to reconnect urban planning and public health. It focused on the context of sub-Saharan African cities, for they offer invaluable lessons regarding environmental health determinants and potential solutions to ...
Over the past two decades China has become increasingly involved in Africa. From rising trade and investment capital to a rapid climb in industrial and construction activity, a new foundation has been laid for Africaâs development. While Africaâs econo ...
The Southern African Development Community (SADC) has evolved in 1992 from the former Southern African Development Coordination Conference (SADCC) existing since 1980. The SADC aims at regional integration, sustainable growth and alleviation of poverty in ...
Although rapid population growth will give them a significant weight in global urbanization by the middle of the century, African cities remain little known. As a result, they are essentially outside the global intellectual arena on urban issues, which jus ...
For some decades already, emerging countries have faced the complex reality of fast growing metropolitan areas, and local governments have showed little success in keeping track of the rapid changes that happen in their own territories. Consequently, all a ...
As one of the most commonly utilized organisms in the study of local adaptation, an accurate characterization of the demographic history of Drosophila melanogaster remains as an important research question. This owes both to the inherent interest in charac ...
Urbanization in Sub-Saharan Africa is mainly marked by an extremely high speed. For a couple of decades, it has become more and more difficult to study and control the urbanization processes using the available means due to their rapidity. These conditions ...
This paper takes a frank look at what has and has not been achieved in African language technology during the past two decades. Several questions are addressed: What was the status of technology for African languages 20 years ago? What were the major initi ...