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Concept
Mariposa, California
Summary
Mariposa (ˌmærɪˈpoʊzə,_-sə; Spanish for "Butterfly") is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in and the county seat of Mariposa County, California, United States. The population was 1,526 at the 2020 census. The community is named after the flocks of monarch butterflies seen overwintering there by early explorers.
Mariposa is located at , at in elevation. It lies in the rugged foothills of the Sierra Nevada. Mariposa Creek flows through the town. Soils in the urban area are mostly brown to reddish brown loam of the Blasingame series. A gravelly loam is mapped as the Boomer series. These soils support thick grassland plus trees such as blue oak, black oak, gray pine, and ponderosa pine. To the west-northwest of town is a large area of sparse vegetation and rockland on which is found serpentine soil of the Henneke series.
California State Routes 49 and 140 cross in Mariposa, merging for as the town's main street. Highway 49 leads southeast to end at Oakhurst and northwest the same distance to Coulterville. Highway 140 leads southwest to Merced in the San Joaquin Valley and northeast to Yosemite Valley.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , all but 0.07% of it land. The community lies in the valley of Mariposa Creek, which flows south and then southwest into the San Joaquin Valley.
Mariposa County includes much of Yosemite National Park, and a good deal of the local economy is related to the park and to tourism. The two-story county courthouse, constructed in 1854, is the oldest in continuous use west of the Rockies. Tours are available.
The county lies at the southern end of the Mother Lode, and outsiders were attracted to Mariposa by gold. During the 19th century California Gold Rush, its streams were panned and deep mines worked the underground veins. At one time John C. Frémont lived here and owned claims to much of the mineral wealth of Mariposa. He later was the first United States senator from the state, and the first Republican candidate for President.
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