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Concept
Hanfu Movement
Summary
Hanfu Movement (), also known as the Hanfu Revival Movement (), is a cultural movement seeking to revitalize Han Chinese fashion that developed in China since 2003.
It is a social movement which aims at popularizing hanfu and integrating traditional Chinese elements into the design of modern clothing, as a way to promote traditional Chinese culture. Participants and supporters of the Hanfu Movement call themselves tongpao (同袍); a term, which comes from the Shijing:
How shall it be said that you have no clothes? I will share my long robes with you. [豈曰無衣、與子同袍。]
The king is raising his forces; [王于興師、]
I will prepare my lance and spear, [脩我戈矛]
And will be your comrade. [與子同仇]
The term tongpao is literally translated as "wearing the same style of robe" and is also a pun of tongbao (同胞) meaning "fellow compatriots".
When the Manchus established the Qing dynasty, there were three Manchu cultural impositions which were placed upon the Han people: the queue hairstyle which was universally implemented and strictly implemented, the wearing of Manchu-style clothing in official dress, and learning of Manchu language; the implementation of the latter two was more limited in both scope and effects.
Tifayifu and Qizhuang
Upon establishing the Qing dynasty, the Manchu authorities also issued a decree known as Tifayifu (剃髮易服, shaving hair and changing apparel), forcing all its male citizens to adopt Manchu hairstyle by shaving their hair on the front of the head and braiding the hair on the back of the head into pigtails known as queue (辮子), as well as to adopt Manchu clothing such as changshan (長衫). Those who violate the Tifayifu policy were heavy punished, even with death sentences. Consequently, this policy caused significant discontentment among other ethnicity, including the Han Chinese, and led to various uprisings across the country. However, those resistances were violently suppressed. Qing Manchu prince Dorgon initially canceled the order for all men in Ming territories south of the Great wall (post 1644 additions to the Qing) to shave.
Official source
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