Concept

Covariance and contravariance (computer science)

Related publications (32)

Self-Assembly: Lightweight Language Extension and Datatype Generic Programming, All-in-One!

In this paper we show a general mechanism, called self-assembly, for lightweight language extensions (LLEs). LLEs allow users to define generic operations or properties that operate over a large class of types. With LLEs it is possible, for example, for us ...

2014

Improving Human-Compiler Interaction Through Customizable Type Feedback

Martin Odersky, Hubert Plociniczak

Type errors reported by compilers can sometimes be cryptic, or difficult to understand. In this paper, we propose a type debugging framework that exposes a high-level representation of the typechecking decision-making process that users normally do not hav ...

2014

Foundations of Path-Dependent Types

Martin Odersky, Tiark Rompf, Nada Amin

A scalable programming language is one in which the same concepts can describe small as well as large parts. Towards this goal, Scala unifies concepts from object and module systems. An essential ingredient of this unification is the concept of objects wit ...

Assoc Computing Machinery2014

Programming with Numerical Uncertainties

Eva Darulova

Numerical software, common in scientific computing or embedded systems, inevitably uses an approximation of the real arithmetic in which most algorithms are designed. In many domains, roundoff errors are not the only source of inaccuracy and measurement as ...

EPFL2014

Using Reified Types for Specialization

Nicolas Alexander Stucki

Generic code increases programmer productivity as it increases code reuse. For example, the LinkedList abstraction can be used in many contexts, from storing a list of numbers to storing representations of files on the disk. Unfortunately this comes at the ...

2013

Finding Almost-Invariants in Distributed Systems

Dejan Kostic, Marco Canini, Maysam Yabandeh

It is notoriously hard to develop dependable distributed systems. This is partly due to the difficulties in foreseeing various corner cases and failure scenarios while implementing a system that will be deployed over an asynchronous network. In contrast, r ...

2011

Code Completion using Quantitative Type Inhabitation

Viktor Kuncak, Ruzica Piskac, Tihomir Gvero

Developing modern software applications typically involves composing functionality from existing libraries. This task is difficult because libraries may expose many methods to the developer. To help developers in such scenarios, we present a technique that ...

2011

Improving API Documentation for Java-like Languages

Gilles Dubochet, Donna Malayeri

The Javadoc paradigm for displaying API documentation to users is quite popular, with similar variants existing for many mainstream languages. However, two user interface design properties of Javadoc may reduce its utility when displaying documentation for ...

2010

Isolated Actors for Race-Free Concurrent Programming

Philipp Haller

Message-based concurrency using actors has the potential to scale from multicore processors to distributed systems. However, several challenges remain until actor-based programming can be applied on a large scale. First, actor implementations must be effic ...

EPFL2010

Capabilities for Uniqueness and Borrowing

Martin Odersky, Philipp Haller

An important application of unique object references is safe and efficient message passing in concurrent object-oriented programming. However, to prevent the ill effects of aliasing, practical systems often severely restrict the shape of messages passed by ...

Springer2010

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