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Concept
World Network of Biosphere Reserves
Summary
The UNESCO World Network of Biosphere Reserves (WNBR) covers internationally designated protected areas, known as biosphere reserves, which are meant to demonstrate a balanced relationship between people and nature (e.g. encourage sustainable development). They are created under the Man and the Biosphere Programme (MAB).
The World Network of Biosphere Reserves (WNBR) of the MAB Programme consists of a dynamic and interactive network of sites. It works to foster the harmonious integration of people and nature for sustainable development through participatory dialogue, knowledge sharing, poverty reduction, human well-being improvements, respect for cultural values and by improving society's ability to cope with climate change. It promotes north–south and South-South collaboration and represents a unique tool for international cooperation through the exchange of experiences and know-how, capacity-building and the promotion of best practices.
total membership had reached 738 biosphere reserves in 134 countries (including 22 transboundary sites) occurring in all regions of the world. Myanmar had its first biosphere reserve inscribed in 2015. This already takes into account some biosphere reserves that have been withdrawn or revised through the years, as the program's focus has shifted from simple protection of nature to areas displaying close interaction between man and environment.
Article 4 of the defines general criteria for an area to be qualified for designation as a biosphere reserve as follows:
It should encompass a mosaic of ecological systems representative of major biogeographic regions, including a gradation of human interventions.
It should be of significance for biological diversity conservation.
It should provide an opportunity to explore and demonstrate approaches to sustainable development on a regional scale.
It should have an appropriate size to serve the three functions of biosphere reserves — conservation, development, logistic support.
It should include these functions through appropriate zonation, recognizing core, buffer, and outer transition areas.
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