Troy is a town in Montgomery County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 3,188 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Montgomery County. A short story by Charles W. Chesnutt, The Sheriff's Children, is set in Troy.
Troy lies in an area once known for its vast longleaf pine forests; much of the town's early development came from the harvesting of those trees for lumber and turpentine. Originally known as West Old Fields, the name was changed to Troy in 1843 when the county seat of Montgomery County was moved there from Old Lawrenceville. The town was incorporated in 1853.
The coming of the Asheboro and Aberdeen railroad as well as the gold mining industry surrounding the town accelerated growth in the late 19th century. By the 20th century textile mills and lumber mills were contributing heavily to Troy's economy.
The Hotel Troy, Montgomery County Courthouse, and Troy Residential Historic District are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which is land and 0.34% is water.
Troy, along with most of Montgomery County, lies within the Uwharrie National Forest.
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 2,850 people, 1,099 households, and 547 families residing in the town.
As of the census of 2010, there were 3,189 people, 1,115 households, and 704 families residing in the town. The population density was . There were 1,209 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the town was 58.9% White, 31.8% African American, 0.73% Native American, 1.0% Asian, 3.32% from other races, and 1.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 10.3% of the population.
There were 1,108 households, out of which 30.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 37.2% were married couples living together, 20.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.9% were non-families. 34.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.