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Implementation of intelligent and bio-inspired algorithms in industrial and real applications is arduous, time consuming and costly; in addition, many aspects of system from high level behavior of algorithm to energy consumption of targeted system must be ...
BACKGROUND: Endoderm organ primordia become specified between gastrulation and gut tube folding in Amniotes. Although the requirement for RA signaling for the development of a few individual endoderm organs has been established a systematic assessment of i ...
Neutral atomic hydrogen (HI) and molecular hydrogen (H2) play a primordial role in the cosmic evolution of galaxies. However, little is known about the co-evolution of these two gas phases. This discrepancy and the design of future telescopes like the SKA ...
Triclosan (TCS), a high volume chemical widely used in consumer products, is a known aquatic contaminant found in fish inhabiting polluted watersheds. Mammalian studies have recently demonstrated that TCS disrupts signaling between the ryanodine receptor ( ...
Using molecular dynamics simulations, we show that the prion protein (PrP) exhibits a dual behavior, with two possible transition routes, upon protonation of H187 around pH 4.5, which mimics specific conditions encountered in endosomes. Our results suggest ...
Highly coordinated transcription networks orchestrate the self-renewal of pluripotent stem cell and the earliest steps of mammalian development. KRAB-containing zinc finger proteins represent the largest group of transcription factors encoded by the genome ...
Gene regulatory networks control gene expression levels, and therefore play an essential role in mammalian development and function. Regulation of gene expression is the result of a complex interplay between DNA regulatory elements and their binding partne ...
Recent studies show that emotion is a mechanism for fast decision-making in human and other animals. Mathematical models have been developed for describing emotion in mammals. These models, similar to other bio-inspired models, must be implemented in embed ...
Glycine is an amino acid present in mammalian brain, where it acts as an inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitter. The two detectable protons of glycine give rise to a singlet at 3.55 ppm that overlaps with the more intense myo-inositol resonances, and i ...
Cultures of vertebrate cells are widely applied in mechanistic studies in human toxicology as well as in toxicity identification in ecotoxicology. As in vitro models, they display many advantages over whole animal experimentation, pertaining to such charac ...