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Concept
Yid
Summary
The word Yid ('ji:d; איד), also known as the Y-word, is a Jewish ethnonym of Yiddish origin. It is used as an autonym within the Ashkenazi Jewish community, and also used as slang by European football fans, antisemites, and others. Its usage may be controversial in modern English language. It is not usually considered offensive when pronounced ˈjiːd (rhyming with deed), the way Yiddish speakers say it, but some may deem the word offensive nonetheless. When pronounced ˈjɪd (rhyming with did) by non-Jews, it is commonly intended as a pejorative term. It is used as a derogatory epithet by antisemites along with, and as an alternative to, the English word 'Jew'.
In Britain, the word "yid" and its related term "yiddo" are also used to refer to the supporters and players of Tottenham Hotspur. Originally, the word was used in a derogatory manner by rival fans; it is now used as self-designation in a non-pejorative sense by Tottenham fans, according to the Oxford English Dictionary. The Football Association, Merriam-Webster, and Cambridge Dictionary all state that the word is "offensive".
The term Yid has its origins in the Middle High German word Jüde (the contemporary German word is Jude).
Leo Rosten provides the following etymology:
From the German: Jude: 'Jew.' And 'Jude' is a truncated form of Yehuda, which was the name given to the Jewish Commonwealth in the period of the Second Temple. That name, in turn, was derived from the name of one of Jacob's sons, Yehuda (Judah, in English), whose descendants constituted one of the tribes of Israel and who settled in that portion of Canaan from Jerusalem south to Kadesh-Barnea (50 miles south of Beersheba) and from Jericho westwards to the Mediterranean.
Jew#Etymology and Jew (word)
The earliest printed mention of the word Yid in English was in The Slang Dictionary published by John Camden Hotten in 1874. Hotten noted that "The Jews use these terms very frequently.
Official source
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