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Concept
Elections in Hungary
Summary
Elections in Hungary are held at two levels: general elections to elect the members of the National Assembly and local elections to elect local authorities. European Parliament elections are also held every 5 years.
Following a reform in 2012, general elections are now conducted under a one-round, two-ballot system. The total number of seats has been reduced and regional lists have been eliminated. The number of single-member seats has increased from 45.56% of the total to 53.3%. The first ballot is to choose MPs for 106 single-member districts using first-past-the-post. The remaining 93 party-list national seats are allocated based on the sum of second ballot list votes and wasted votes from the first ballot. Wasted votes are votes that were cast for unsuccessful candidates or surplus votes for winning candidates. This formula for allocating national seats is a cross between a parallel mixed system and a compensatory mixed system.
The 2014 elections were the first to be held according to the new system, which included the following significant changes:
One round instead of two rounds.
No turnout requirements; formerly, a turnout of 50% was needed for the first round and 25% for the second round.
The National Assembly included 199 seats, reduced from 386 (i.e. 51.6% of the previous total).
106 constituency seats, reduced from 176; their share increased from 45.6% to 53.3% of total seats.
93 party-list seats, including minority-list seats, reduced from the 210 MMC and levelling seats; their share decreased from 54.4% to 46.7% of all seats.
A 5% threshold remains for party lists, 10% for joint lists of two parties, 15% for joint lists of three or more parties.
The quota for ethnic-minority lists to win seats is only one-quarter of the general quota.
Minority lists that do not reach the 5% of all minority-list votes and do not get at least one seat, will be able to send a minority spokesman to the National Assembly, who has the right to speak but not to vote.
Official source
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