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Sometimes treatment effects are absent in a subgroup of the population. For example, penicillin has no effect on severe symptoms in individuals infected by resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and codeine has no effect on pain in individuals with certain polym ...
The presence of competing events, such as death, makes it challenging to define causal effects on recurrent outcomes. In this thesis, I formalize causal inference for recurrent events, with and without competing events. I define several causal estimands an ...
Intercurrent (post-treatment) events occur frequently in randomized trials, and investigators often express interest in treatment effects that suitably take account of these events. Contrasts that naively condition on intercurrent events do not have a stra ...
Researchers are often interested in treatment effects on outcomes that are only defined conditional on a post-treatment event status. For example, in a study of the effect of different cancer treatments on quality of life at end of follow-up, the quality o ...
Investigators often evaluate treatment effects by considering settings in which all individuals are assigned a treatment of interest, assuming that an unlimited number of treatment units are available. However, many real-life treatments are of limited supp ...
The participants in randomized trials and other studies used for causal inference are often not representative of the populations seen by clinical decision-makers. To account for differences between populations, researchers may consider standardizing resul ...
The concept of causality is naturally related to processes developing over time. Central ideas of causal inference like time-dependent confounding (feedback) and mediation should be viewed as dynamic concepts. We shall study these concepts in the context o ...
In causal inference the effect of confounding may be controlled using regression adjustment in an outcome model, propensity score adjustment, inverse probability of treatment weighting or a combination of these. Approaches based on modelling the treatment ...
The evaluation of indoor comfort requires a thorough understanding of how human occupants perceive four indoor environmental factors: visual conditions, air quality, acoustic ambience and thermal conditions. Recent studies have found that overall comfort i ...
Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of CO2 laser-assisted sclerectomy surgery (CLASS) compared with classic nonpenetrating deep sclerectomy (NPDS) with implant in medically uncontrolled glaucoma patients. Materials and Methods: Patients who underwent primary ...
