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Concept
Bleeding
Summary
Bleeding, hemorrhage, haemorrhage or blood loss, is blood escaping from the circulatory system from damaged blood vessels. Bleeding can occur internally, or externally either through a natural opening such as the mouth, nose, ear, urethra, vagina or anus, or through a puncture in the skin.
Hypovolemia is a massive decrease in blood volume, and death by excessive loss of blood is referred to as exsanguination. Typically, a healthy person can endure a loss of 10–15% of the total blood volume without serious medical difficulties (by comparison, blood donation typically takes 8–10% of the donor's blood volume). The stopping or controlling of bleeding is called hemostasis and is an important part of both first aid and surgery.
Upper head
Intracranial hemorrhage – bleeding in the skull.
Cerebral hemorrhage – a type of intracranial hemorrhage, bleeding within the brain tissue itself.
Intracerebral hemorrhage – bleeding in the brain caused by the rupture of a blood vessel within the head. See also hemorrhagic stroke.
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) implies the presence of blood within the subarachnoid space from some pathologic process. The common medical use of the term SAH refers to the nontraumatic types of hemorrhages, usually from rupture of a berry aneurysm or arteriovenous malformation (AVM). The scope of this article is limited to these nontraumatic hemorrhages.
Eyes
Subconjunctival hemorrhage – bloody eye arising from a broken blood vessel in the sclera (whites of the eyes). Often the result of strain, including sneezing, coughing, vomiting or other kind of strain
Nose
Epistaxis – nosebleed
Mouth
Tooth eruption – losing a tooth
Hematemesis – vomiting fresh blood
Hemoptysis – coughing up blood from the lungs
Lungs
Pulmonary hemorrhage
Gastrointestinal
Upper gastrointestinal bleed
Lower gastrointestinal bleed
Occult gastrointestinal bleed
Urinary tract
Hematuria – blood in the urine from urinary bleeding
Gynecologic
Vaginal bleeding
Postpartum hemorrhage
Breakthrough bleeding
Ovarian bleeding – This is a potentially catastrophic and not so rare complication among lean patients with polycystic ovary syndrome undergoing transvaginal oocyte retrieval.
Official source
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