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Accumulating evidence indicates that atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease. The key innate immune cells that are involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis are circulating monocytes and plaque macrophages. Complex interplay between immune ...
Extracellular signals in development, physiology, homeostasis and disease often act by regulating transcription. Herein we describe a general method and specific resources for determining where and when such signaling occurs in live animals and for systema ...
Smooth muscle contraction is regulated by changes in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration (Ca2+). In response to stimulation, Ca2+ increase in a single cell can propagate to neighbouring cells through gap junctions, as intercellular Ca2+ waves. To investigate ...
Calcium regulates neuronal signaling and viability through a vast range of cellular and molecular mechanisms. However, many details of these mechanisms still remain to be elucidated. It is believed that calcium-related pathways may comprise promising thera ...
The identification of cellular pathways capable of limiting ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury remains a frontier in medicine, and its clinical relevance is urgent. Histidine triad nucleotide binding protein 1 (HINT1) is a tumor suppressor that influences a ...
The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are ubiquitous in eukaryotic signal transduction, and these pathways are conserved in cells from yeast to mammals. They relay extracellular stimuli from the plasma membrane to targets in the cytoplasm an ...
Tissue blood flow is controlled by changes in the diameter of the arteries and arterioles through coordinated contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) within the vascular wall. The contraction of SMCs is primarily regulated by the intracell ...
The low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein LRP1 is a cell surface receptor with functions in diverse physiological pathways, including lipid metabolism. Here we show that LRP1-deficient fibroblasts accumulate high levels of intracellular choleste ...
Diacylglycerol (DAG) and phorbol esters strongly potentiate transmitter release at synapses by activating protein kinase C (PKC) and members of the Munc13 family of presynaptic vesicle priming proteins. This PKC/Munc13 pathway has emerged as a crucial regu ...
Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder resulting from the expansion of a glutamine repeat (polyQ) in the N-terminus of the huntingtin (htt) protein. Expression of polyQ-containing proteins has been previously shown to induce various cell ...
