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Jawor 'jawor (Jauer) is a town in south-western Poland with 22,890 inhabitants (2019). It is situated in the Lower Silesian Voivodeship (from 1975 to 1998 it was in the former Legnica Voivodeship). It is the seat of Jawor County, and lies approximately west of the regional capital Wrocław. Through the town flows the 31 mile long Raging Nysa river (pl: Nysa Szalona) A Protestant Church of Peace can be found in the town. It was named a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2001. Jawor Castle lies in the town. The name of the city Jawor comes from the Polish word for "sycamore maple". The earliest recorded name dates from 1133 when the city was written down as Jawr and in 1203 as Jawor. Till 16th century the name was written down in Latin in various forms such as: Iavor, Iavr, Javr, Javor, Jaur, Jaura, Jawer, Jauor. Polish form Jawor was continued to be used, for example in painting from 1562 located in church of St.Martin. Other form Iawor is recorded in document from 1248 and in document from 1277 the name Iaver is used. In 1295 in the Latin work Liber fundationis episcopatus Vratislaviensis city is noted as Jawor. In the 1475 Latin Statuta Synodalia Episcoporum Wratislaviensium, which also contains the oldest Polish-language printing, as Jaworensis. The German name Jauer is a Germanized version of the original Slavic name, and by 1750 Polish name Jawor was still used in Polish by Prussian authorities. The German name became official after 1763 and Prussian-Austro war. Jawor was the main stronghold of the Trzebowianie tribe, one of the Polish tribes, and became part of the emerging Polish state in the 10th century. According to medieval chronicles the settlement was expanded in the 11th century. It was granted town rights between 1242 and 1275. As a result of the fragmentation of Poland, Jawor became part of the Duchy of Silesia, then the Duchy of Legnica from 1248, and from 1274 it was the capital of the Duchy of Jawor, the southwesternmost duchy of medieval Poland, before being integrated with the Duchy of Świdnica in 1346, part of which it remained until 1392, all the time remaining under the founding dynasty of the Piasts.

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Related concepts (4)

Jawor

Wrocław

Wrocław (ˈvrɔt͡swaf; Breslau, ˈbʁɛslaʊ; Wrocłow; Brassel; Vratislavia) is a city in southwestern Poland and the largest city in the historical region of Silesia. It lies on the banks of the River Oder in the Silesian Lowlands of Central Europe, roughly from the Sudeten Mountains to the south. , the official population of Wrocław is 673,923 making it the third largest city in Poland. Wrocław is the historical capital of Silesia and Lower Silesia. Today, it is the capital of the Lower Silesian Voivodeship.

Silesia

Silesia (saɪˈliːʒə,saɪˈliːʃiə, also UK-iːziə, US-iːʒiə,-iːʃə,_sɪˈ-; see below) is a historical region of Central Europe that lies mostly within Poland, with small parts in the Czech Republic and Germany. Its area is approximately , and the population is estimated at around 8,000,000. Silesia is split into two main subregions, Lower Silesia in the west and Upper Silesia in the east. Silesia has a diverse culture, including architecture, costumes, cuisine, traditions, and the Silesian language (minority in Upper Silesia).