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Concept
Iblis
Summary
Iblis (إِبْلِيس), alternatively known as Eblīs, is the leader of the devils () in Islam. According to the Quran, Iblis was thrown out of heaven, after he refused to prostrate himself before Adam. Regarding the origin and nature of Iblis, there are two different viewpoints.
In the first version, before Iblis was cast down from heaven, he used to be a high-ranking angel (Karub) called Azazil, appointed by God to obliterate the original disobedient and destructive inhabitants of the earth, who were replaced with humans, as more obedient creatures. After Iblis objected to God's decision to create a successor (or intendance on Earth) (), he was punished by being relegated and cast down to earth as a (devil). In the alternative account, God created Iblis from the fires beneath the seventh earth. Worshipping God for thousands of years, Iblis ascended to the surface, whereupon, thanks to his pertinacious servitude, he rose until he reached the company of Angels in the seventh heaven. When God created Adam and taught him the "names of all things" , then ordered the Angels to bow down, Iblis, being a jinn created from an essence of fire, refused, by pride and feelings of superiority towards Adam (created from an essence of clay combined to a breath of life/soul), and disobeyed God. His persistence in disobediance and his oath to God to corrupt and prove the unworthiness of mankind lead to his downfall, as well as his positioning as an obvious and eternal enemy of mankind.
In the Islamic tradition, Iblis is often identified with ("the Devil"), often known by the epithet (ٱلرَّجِيْم). is usually applied to Iblis in order to denote his role as the tempter, while is his proper name. Some Sufi Muslims uphold a more ambivalent role for Iblis, considering him not simply the Devil but actually "the truest monotheist" (because he would worship only the Creator, and not his creations) while preserving the term exclusively for evil forces.
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