The National Science Foundation (NSF) is an independent agency of the United States federal government that supports fundamental research and education in all the non-medical fields of science and engineering. Its medical counterpart is the National Institutes of Health. With an annual budget of about 8.3billion(fiscalyear2020),theNSFfundsapproximately25NSF′sdirectoranddeputydirectorareappointedbythepresidentoftheUnitedStatesandconfirmedbytheUnitedStatesSenate,whereasthe24president−appointedmembersoftheNationalScienceBoard(NSB)donotrequireU.S.Senateconfirmation.Thedirectoranddeputydirectorareresponsibleforadministration,planning,budgetingandday−to−dayoperationsofthefoundation,whiletheNSBmeetssixtimesayeartoestablishitsoverallpolicies.ThecurrentNSFdirectorisSethuramanPanchanathan.TheNationalScienceFoundation(NSF)wasestablishedbytheNationalScienceFoundationActof1950.Itsstatedmissionis"topromotetheprogressofscience,toadvancethenationalhealth,prosperity,andwelfare,andtosecurethenationaldefense."TheNSF′sscopehasexpandedovertheyearstoincludemanyareasthatwerenotinitsinitialportfolio,includingthesocialandbehavioralsciences,engineering,andscienceandmathematicseducation.TheNSFistheonlyU.S.federalagencywithamandatetosupportallnon−medicalfieldsofresearch.Sincethetechnologyboomofthe1980s,theU.S.Congresshasgenerallyembracedthepremisethatgovernment−fundedbasicresearchisessentialforthenation′seconomichealthandglobalcompetitiveness,andfornationaldefense.ThissupporthasmanifestedinanexpandingNationalScienceFoundationbudgetfrom1 billion in 1983 to $8.28 billion in 2020.
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