June 9

411 BC – The Athenian coup succeeds, forming a short-lived oligarchy. 53 – The Roman emperor Nero marries Claudia Octavia. 68 – Nero dies by suicide after quoting Vergil's Aeneid, thus ending the Julio-Claudian dynasty and starting the civil war known as the Year of the Four Emperors. 721 – Odo of Aquitaine defeats the Moors in the Battle of Toulouse. 747 – Abbasid Revolution: Abu Muslim Khorasani begins an open revolt against Umayyad rule, which is carried out under the sign of the Black Standard. 1311 – Duccio's Maestà, a seminal artwork of the early Italian Renaissance, is unveiled and installed in Siena Cathedral in Siena, Italy. 1523 – The Parisian Faculty of Theology fines Simon de Colines for publishing the Biblical commentary Commentarii initiatorii in quatuor Evangelia by Jacques Lefèvre d'Étaples. 1534 – Jacques Cartier is the first European to describe and map the Saint Lawrence River. 1732 – James Oglethorpe is granted a royal charter for the colony of the future U.S. state of Georgia. 1772 – The British schooner Gaspee is burned in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island. 1798 – Irish Rebellion of 1798: Battles of Arklow and Saintfield. 1815 – End of the Congress of Vienna: The new European political situation is set. 1856 – Five hundred Mormons leave Iowa City, Iowa for the Mormon Trail. 1862 – American Civil War: Stonewall Jackson concludes his successful Shenandoah Valley Campaign with a victory in the Battle of Port Republic; his tactics during the campaign are now studied by militaries around the world. 1863 – American Civil War: The Battle of Brandy Station in Virginia, the largest cavalry battle on American soil, ends Confederate cavalry dominance in the eastern theater. 1885 – Treaty of Tientsin is signed to end the Sino-French War, with China eventually giving up Tonkin and Annam – most of present-day Vietnam – to France. 1900 – Indian nationalist Birsa Munda dies of cholera in a British prison. 1915 – William Jennings Bryan resigns as Woodrow Wilson's Secretary of State over a disagreement regarding the United States' handling of the sinking of the .