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Concept
Butler–Volmer equation
Summary
In electrochemistry, the Butler–Volmer equation (named after John Alfred Valentine Butler and Max Volmer), also known as Erdey-Grúz–Volmer equation, is one of the most fundamental relationships in electrochemical kinetics. It describes how the electrical current through an electrode depends on the voltage difference between the electrode and the bulk electrolyte for a simple, unimolecular redox reaction, considering that both a cathodic and an anodic reaction occur on the same electrode:
The Butler–Volmer equation
The Butler–Volmer equation is:
: j = j_0 \cdot \left{ \exp \left[ \frac { \alpha_{\rm a} zF } {RT} (E - E_{\rm eq}) \right] - \exp \left[ - { \frac { \alpha_{\rm c} zF } {RT}} (E - E_{\rm eq}) \right] \right}
or in a more compact form:
:j= j_0 \cdot \left{ \exp \left[ \frac { \alpha_{\rm a} zF \eta} {RT} \right] - \exp \left[ - { \frac { \alpha_{\rm c} zF \eta} {RT}} \right] \right}
where:
- j: electrode current
Official source
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