Analytic philosophy

Analytic philosophy is a branch and tradition of philosophy using analysis, popular in the Western world and particularly the Anglosphere, which began around the turn of the 20th century in the contemporary era in the United Kingdom, United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and Scandinavia, and continues today. Analytic philosophy is often contrasted with continental philosophy, coined as a catch-all term for other methods, prominent in Europe. Central figures in this historical development of analytic philosophy are Gottlob Frege, Bertrand Russell, G. E. Moore, and Ludwig Wittgenstein. Other important figures in its history include the logical positivists (particularly Rudolf Carnap), W. V. O. Quine, and Karl Popper. After the decline of logical positivism, Saul Kripke, David Lewis, and others led a revival in metaphysics. Elizabeth Anscombe, Peter Geach, Anthony Kenny, and others developed an analytic approach to Thomism. Analytic philosophy is characterized by an emphasis on language, known as the linguistic turn, and for its clarity and rigor in arguments, making use of formal logic and mathematics, and, to a lesser degree, the natural sciences. It also takes things piecemeal, in "an attempt to focus philosophical reflection on smaller problems that lead to answers to bigger questions". Analytic philosophy is often understood in contrast to other philosophical traditions, most notably continental philosophies such as existentialism, phenomenology, and Hegelianism. The analytic tradition has been critiqued for ahistoricism. The history of analytic philosophy (taken in the narrower sense of "20th-/21st-century analytic philosophy") is usually thought to begin with the rejection of British idealism, a neo-Hegelian movement. British idealism as taught by philosophers such as F. H. Bradley (1846–1924) and T. H. Green (1836–1882), dominated English philosophy in the late 19th century.

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Philosophical Investigations

Philosophical Investigations (Philosophische Untersuchungen) is a work by the philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein, published posthumously in 1953. Philosophical Investigations is divided into two parts, consisting of what Wittgenstein calls, in the preface, Bemerkungen, translated by Anscombe as "remarks". A survey among American university and college teachers ranked the Investigations as the most important book of 20th-century philosophy.

Naturalistic fallacy

In philosophical ethics, the naturalistic fallacy is the claim that it is possible to give a reductive explanation of good, in terms of natural properties such as pleasant or desirable. The term was introduced by British philosopher G. E. Moore in his 1903 book Principia Ethica. Moore's naturalistic fallacy is closely related to the is–ought problem, which comes from David Hume's A Treatise of Human Nature (1738–40). However, unlike Hume's view of the is–ought problem, Moore (and other proponents of ethical non-naturalism) did not consider the naturalistic fallacy to be at odds with moral realism.

Analytic philosophy

Work fluctuations in the active Ornstein-Uhlenbeck particle model

Francesco Cagnetta

We study the large deviations of the power injected by the active force for an active Ornstein-Uhlenbeck particle (AOUP), free or in a confining potential. For the free-particle case, we compute the r

IOP Publishing Ltd2021

The aim of this thesis is to investigate the mechanisms behind dynamic fragmentation. This phenomenon occurs in a material when a blast or impact loading nucleates multiple cracks, whose propagation a

EPFL2015

Effect of replica placement on the reliability of large scale data storage systems

Christina Fragouli, Vinodh Venkatesan, Xiao-Yu Hu, Robert Haas

Replication is a widely used method to protect large- scale data storage systems from data loss when storage nodes fail. It is well known that the placement of replicas of the different data blocks ac

2010

Évaluer les principales positions dans un débat philosophique choisi. Développer au sein de votre groupe une approche solide d'un ou plusieurs problèmes philosophiques de ce débat. Défendre votre anal

Le cours vise a familiariser les etudiants avec l'histoire de l'environnement et des paysages, et avec la maniere dont les preoccupations environnementales amenent a repenser aujourd'hui le sens et

Le cours donne une introduction à la théorie des EDO, y compris existence de solutions locales/globales, comportement asymptotique, étude de la stabilité de points stationnaires et applications, en pa

Explores the analytical solutions of ordinary differential equations, emphasizing the identification and solving process for various EDO types.

Explores the philosophical and sociological dimensions of inhabiting, emphasizing care, engagement, and sensory perception in living spaces.

Delves into creating a new geography through optical instruments and natural light.