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Concept
George Gurdjieff
Summary
George Ivanovich Gurdjieff (c. 1866–1877 – 29 October 1949) was a philosopher, mystic, spiritual teacher, and composer. Gurdjieff taught that most humans are not conscious of themselves and thus live their lives in a state of hypnotic "waking sleep", but that it is possible to awaken to a higher state of consciousness and thus achieve full human potential. Gurdjieff described a method attempting to do so, calling the discipline "The Work" (connoting "work on oneself") or "the System". According to his principles and instructions, Gurdjieff's method for awakening one's consciousness unites the methods of the fakir, monk and yogi, and thus his student P. D. Ouspensky referred to it as the "Fourth Way".
Gurdjieff's teaching and practice inspired the formation of many groups organized as Foundations, Institutes, and Societies many of which are now connected by the International Association of the Gurdjieff Foundations (IAGF). After his death in 1949, the Gurdjieff Foundation Paris was organized and led by Jeanne de Salzmann from the early 1950s, in cooperation with other direct pupils, until her death in 1990; and by Michel de Salzmann, until his death in 2001.
The International Association of the Gurdjieff Foundations is an umbrella group for the four main organisations: The Gurdjieff Foundation in the USA, with centers in New York and San Francisco, The Gurdjieff Society in the UK, the Institut Gurdjieff in France and GI Gurdjieff Foundation - Caracas in Venezuela with a network of partner foundations in South America.
Gurdjieff was born in Alexandropol, Russian Empire (present-day Gyumri, Armenia). His father Ivan Ivanovich Gurdjieff (Ιωάννης Γεωργιάδης) was Greek; the long-held view is that Gurdjieff's mother was Armenian, but some scholars have recently suggested that she was a Greek named Evdokia Eleptherovna or Kalerovna. The name Gurdjieff represents the Anglicized Russian form of the Greek surname Γεωργιάδης (Georgiádes).
The exact year of his birth remains unknown; conjectures range from 1866 to 1877.
Official source
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