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Concept
Kirov, Kirov Oblast
Summary
Kirov (Ки́ров, ˈkjirəf) is the largest city and administrative center of Kirov Oblast, Russia. It is located on the Vyatka River in European Russia, northeast of Moscow. Its population was 518,348 in 2020.
Kirov was the center of Vyatka Land which was settled by Russians during the Middle Ages.
Historical, cultural, industrial and scientific center of the Volgo-Vyatka region.
It is also home to the Dymkovo toys.
The city was previously known as Vyatka (Вя́тка), after the Vyatka River, until 1934, and as Khlynov (Хлы́нов) from 1457 to 1780. It was renamed Kirov after Bolshevik Sergei Kirov in 1934, even though he never visited the city.
Vyatka Land
The native Slavic tribe of Central Russia and Volga regions, the Vyatichis (also called Viatichi), mixed here with the Novgorodian Slovenes and Finno-Ugric people. According to the medieval chronicles the first Russian settlements in the area appeared in 12th century. Kirov itself was first mentioned (as Vyatka) for the first time in 1374 when Novgorod ushkuyniks plundered it on their way to Bolghar. Vyatka was governed by a public assembly (veche) as other Northern Russian republics of Pskov and Novgorod.
At different times in the late 14th and 15th centuries Vyatka militias raided Ustyug, Novgorod and Tatar lands on Kama and Volga. Vyatka supported Yury of Zvenigorod during the Muscovite Civil War and after his party lost the victorious Vasily II sent Muscovite armies twice against Vyatka to subjugate it and eventually it was forced to accept the suzerainty of Moscow while retaining a significant measure of autonomy. In 1469 Vyatka allied with Khan Ibrahim of the Khanate of Kazan and did not take part in the campaign of Ivan III against the khanate.
After several unsuccessful campaigns by Moscow against Vyatka in 1480s, the latter was finally annexed in 1489.
Khlynov became known throughout Russia for its clay statuettes and whistles. The town's oldest surviving monument is the Assumption Cathedral (1689), an imposing structure surmounted by five globular domes.
Official source
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