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In vertebrates, the interconversion of lactate and pyruvate is catalyzed by the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase. Two distinct subunits combine to form the five tetrameric isoenzymes of lactate dehydrogenase. The LDH-5 subunit (muscle type) has higher maximal ...
Localized 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy provides a unique window for studying cerebral carbohydrate metabolism through, e.g. the completely non-invasive measurement of cerebral glucose and glycogen metabolism. In addition, label incorpo ...
The usefulness of interfacial photopolymerization of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) diacrylate at a variety of concentrations and molecular weights to form hydrogel membranes for encapsulating porcine islets of Langerhans was investigated. The results from th ...
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) promotes glycogenolysis in primary cultures of mouse cerebral cortical astrocytes with an EC50 of 1.5 microM. A pharmacological analysis indicates an involvement of purinergic P2Y receptors in this action of ATP. Application of ...
Metabolite signals with short T1 or T2 are difficult to localize with full sensitivity. This limitation was overcome with the development and implementation of a single-shot, complete three-dimensional 'non-echo' localization method with reduced sensitivit ...
VIP neurons are a homogeneous population of intracortical bipolar cells. They receive excitatory synapses from afferent circuits to the cortex and exert effects on neurons, astrocytes, and capillaries. Effects on the two latter cell types imply that VIP ne ...
Using a specific 13C NMR localization method, 13C label incorporation into the glycogen C1 resonance was measured while infusing [1- 13C]glucose in intact rats. The maximal concentration of [1-13C]glycogen was 5.1 ± 0.6 μmol g-1 (mean ± SE, n = 8). During ...
The integrated 13C NMR intensity of the glycogen C1 resonance was measured in skeletal muscle (biceps femoris region) of nine rabbits under in vivo conditions. Concurrent chemical determinations of glycogen content showed that the in vivo signal was 1.02 ± ...
The natural abundance 13C NMR intensity of the glycogen C1 resonance was measured in the surgically exposed liver of rabbits in vivo (n = 17) by integration from 98 to 104 ppm and compared double blindedly to the subsequent biochemical measurement. Coil lo ...
Brain glycogen levels are dynamically regulated by certain neurotransmitters, including noradrenaline (NA) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). In particular, glycogen synthesis involves activation by NA and VIP of the transcription factors C/EBPbeta a ...
