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At presynaptic active zones, neurotransmitter release is initiated by the opening of voltage-gated Ca²+ channels close to docked vesicles. The mechanisms that enrich Ca²+ channels at active zones are, however, largely unknown, possibly because of the limit ...
Variations in calcium ion (Ca2+) concentrations play a crucial role in cell-cell communication; periodic changes act as cellular signals. In this study, we developed a solid-state calcium ion-selective electrode (Ca2+ ISE) integrated in a microchannel to m ...
Fast neurotransmitter release is essential for neuron-neuron communication and is initiated by the opening of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels close to docked vesicles at the presynaptic active zone. The high concentration of Ca2+ channels at the active zone is ...
In the vertebrate CNS, fast synaptic inhibition is mediated by GABA and glycine receptors. We recently reported that the time course of these synaptic currents is slower when intracellular chloride is high. Here we extend these findings to measure the effe ...
Ca2+-dependent transmitter release is the most important signaling mechanism for fast information transfer between neurons. Transmitter release takes places at highly specialized active zones with sub-micrometer dimension, which contain the molecular machi ...
Organisms from all kingdoms produce pore-forming proteins, with the best-characterized being of bacterial origin. The last decade of research has revealed that the channels formed by these proteins can be very diverse, thus differentially affecting target ...
Uniform, 2 nm diameter gold nanowires were synthesized through the reduction of gold(III) chloride in an oleylamine matrix. They were top-contacted on a Si/SiO2 substrate with metallic electrodes to manufacture back-gated transistors. Due to thermal breaka ...
Ultra-thin gold nanowires with uniform diameters of 2 nm and lengths of over 100 μm are synthesized via the reduction of gold(III) chloride in an oleylamine matrix. The gold nanowires, dispersed on an oxidized substrate, are top-contacted with metallic ele ...
Smooth muscle contraction is regulated by changes in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration (Ca2+). In response to stimulation, Ca2+ increase in a single cell can propagate to neighbouring cells through gap junctions, as intercellular Ca2+ waves. To investigate ...
Tissue blood flow is controlled by changes in the diameter of the arteries and arterioles through coordinated contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) within the vascular wall. The contraction of SMCs is primarily regulated by the intracell ...