Vacuum Rabi oscillation

A vacuum Rabi oscillation is a damped oscillation of an initially excited atom coupled to an electromagnetic resonator or cavity in which the atom alternately emits photon(s) into a single-mode electromagnetic cavity and reabsorbs them. The atom interacts with a single-mode field confined to a limited volume V in an optical cavity. Spontaneous emission is a consequence of coupling between the atom and the vacuum fluctuations of the cavity field. Mathematical treatment A mathematical description of vacuum Rabi oscillation begins with the Jaynes–Cummings model, which describes the interaction between a single mode of a quantized field and a two level system inside an optical cavity. The Hamiltonian for this model in the rotating wave approximation is :\hat{H}{\text{JC}} = \hbar \omega \hat{a}^{\dagger}\hat{a} +\hbar \omega_0 \frac{\hat{\sigma}z}{2} +\hbar g \left(\hat{a}\hat{\sigma}+ +\hat{a}^{\dagger}\hat{\sigma}-\right) where \hat{\sigma_z} is

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Rabi oscillation in a quantum cavity: Markovian and non-Markovian dynamics

Pierre-Olivier Guimond, Alexandre Roulet

We investigate the Rabi oscillation of an atom placed inside a quantum cavity where each mirror is formed by a chain of atoms trapped near a one-dimensional waveguide. This proposal was studied previously with the use of Markov approximation, where the delay due to the finite travel time of light between the two cavity mirrors is neglected. We show that Rabi oscillation analogous to that obtained with high-finesse classical cavities is achieved only when this travel time is much larger than the time scale that characterizes the superradiant response of the mirrors. Therefore, the delay must be taken into account and the dynamics of the problem is inherently non-Markovian. Parameters of interest such as the Rabi frequency and the cavity loss rate due to photon leakage through the mirrors are obtained.

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Towards thermal equilibrium in the Bose-Einstein condensation of microcavity polaritons

Davide Sarchi, Vincenzo Savona

By comparing a kinetic and a thermal-equilibrium theory of polariton Bose-Einstein condensation, we study under what conditions the dynamical condensation under steady-state non-resonant pumping can approach thermal equilibrium. In particular, we study the dependence on two material parameters: the vacuum-field Rabi-splitting and the polariton radiative lifetime. When increasing the Rabi splitting, condensation takes place under strong non-equilibrium conditions, with dominating quantum fluctuations. Increasing the polariton lifetime above 10 ps at moderate Rabi splitting, instead, produces a quasi-equilibrium condensate at low exciton density, consistently with the picture of a weakly interacting Bose gas. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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Large vacuum Rabi splitting in a multiple quantum well GaN-based microcavity in the strong-coupling regime

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An AlInN/AlGaN microcavity (MC) containing a GaN/Al0.2Ga0.8N multiple quantum well (MQW) structure is investigated through room temperature (RT) photoluminescence and reflectivity experiments. A vacuum Rabi splitting as large as 50 meV at RT is reported for this MC structure, the highest value reported so far for a semiconductor MC containing QWs. This is shown to result from a geometry combining a state of the art nitride-based MC with a MQW system where the built-in electric field has a reduced impact on the oscillator strength of optical transitions. The contribution of Bragg modes seen in optical spectra is well accounted for by transfer matrix simulations. In addition, the sensitivity of the present system to the tuning between the various optical components of the microcavity (bottom and top Bragg reflectors and active cavity region) to maximize the strong-coupling regime is also shown through simulations. Prospects regarding the nonlinear polariton emission from such a structure indicate that this type of MCs could potentially sustain ultrafast polariton parametric amplification up to 440 K, thanks to an increased exciton binding energy. More generally, it is predicted that, owing to a large exciton saturation density in excess of 1x10(12) cm(-2) per QW, such a MC structure would be suitable for the observation of nonlinear effects associated with cavity polaritons (polariton lasing and polariton Bose-Einstein condensates) at RT and above.

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