Nursing process

The nursing process is a modified scientific method. Nursing practise was first described as a four-stage nursing process by Ida Jean Orlando in 1958. It should not be confused with nursing theories or health informatics. The diagnosis phase was added later. The nursing process uses clinical judgement to strike a balance of epistemology between personal interpretation and research evidence in which critical thinking may play a part to categorize the clients issue and course of action. Nursing offers diverse patterns of knowing. Nursing knowledge has embraced pluralism since the 1970s. Some authors refer to a mind map or abductive reasoning as a potential alternative strategy for organizing care. Intuition plays a part for experienced nurses. The nursing process is goal-oriented method of caring that provides a framework to nursing care. It involves seven major steps: A Assess (what data is collected?) D Diagnose (what is the problem?) O Outcome Identification - (Was originally a part of the Planning phase, but has recently been added as a new step in the complete process). P Plan (how to manage the problem) I Implement (putting plan into action) R Rationale (Scientific reason of the implementations) E Evaluate (did the plan work?) According to some theorists, this seven-steps description of the nursing process is outdated and misrepresents nursing as linear and atomic. Nursing assessment The nurse completes a holistic nursing assessment of the needs of the individual/family/community, regardless of the reason for the encounter. The nurse collects subjective data and objective data using a nursing framework, such as Marjory Gordon's functional health patterns. Nursing assessments provide the starting point for determining nursing diagnoses. It is vital that a recognized nursing assessment framework is used in practice to identify the patient's* problems, risks and outcomes for enhancing health. The use of an evidence-based nursing framework such as Gordon's Functional Health Pattern Assessment should guide assessments that support nurses in determination of NANDA-I nursing diagnoses.