Human reliability (also known as human performance or HU) is related to the field of human factors and ergonomics, and refers to the reliability of humans in fields including manufacturing, medicine and nuclear power. Human performance can be affected by many factors such as age, state of mind, physical health, attitude, emotions, propensity for certain common mistakes, errors and cognitive biases, etc.
Human reliability is very important due to the contributions of humans to the resilience of systems and to possible adverse consequences of human errors or oversights, especially when the human is a crucial part of the large socio-technical systems as is common today. User-centered design and error-tolerant design are just two of many terms used to describe efforts to make technology better suited to operation by humans.
People tend to overestimate their ability to maintain control when they are doing work.
The common characteristics of human nature addressed below are especially accentuated when work is performed in a complex work environment.
Stress - The problem with stress is that it can accumulate and overpower a person, thus becoming
detrimental to performance.
Avoidance of mental strain - Humans are reluctant to engage in lengthy concentrated thinking, as it requires high levels of attention for extended periods.
The mental biases, or shortcuts, often used to reduce mental effort and expedite decision-making include:
Assumptions – A condition taken for granted or accepted as true without verification of the facts.
Habit – An unconscious pattern of behavior acquired through frequent repetition.
Confirmation bias – The reluctance to abandon a current solution.
Similarity bias – The tendency to recall solutions from situations that appear similar
Frequency bias – A gamble that a frequently used solution will work.
Availability bias – The tendency to settle on solutions or courses of action that readily come to mind.
Limited working memory - The mind's short-term memory is the “workbench” for problem solving and decision-making.
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Human error is an action that has been done but that was "not intended by the actor; not desired by a set of rules or an external observer; or that led the task or system outside its acceptable limits". Human error has been cited as a primary cause contributing factor in disasters and accidents in industries as diverse as nuclear power (e.g., the Three Mile Island accident), aviation, space exploration (e.g., the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster and Space Shuttle Columbia disaster), and medicine.
Human factors and ergonomics (commonly referred to as human factors engineering or HFE) is the application of psychological and physiological principles to the engineering and design of products, processes, and systems. Primary goals of human factors engineering are to reduce human error, increase productivity and system availability, and enhance safety, health and comfort with a specific focus on the interaction between the human and equipment.
Grading student SQL queries manually is a tedious and error-prone process. Earlier work on testing correctness of student SQL queries, such as the XData system, can be used to test the correctness of a student query. However, in case a student query is fou ...
ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY2021
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Investigative studies of white matter (WM) brain structures using diffusion MRI (dMRI) tractography frequently require manual WM bundle segmentation, often called "virtual dissection." Human errors and personal decisions make these manual segmentations har ...
2020
Several airplanes crashes throughout the past decades are linked to the failure of the airplane flow velocity sensor known as pitot device or pitot tube. The study of its behavior in blockage, either due to human errors or due to environmental factors, cou ...