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Concept
Backslash
Summary
The backslash is a typographical mark used mainly in computing and mathematics. It is the of the common slash . It is a relatively recent mark, first documented in the 1930s. It is sometimes called a hack, whack, escape (from C/UNIX), reverse slash, slosh, downwhack, backslant, backwhack, bash, reverse slant, reverse solidus, and reversed virgule.
efforts to identify either the origin of this character or its purpose before the 1960s have not been successful. The earliest known reference found to date is a 1937 maintenance manual from the Teletype Corporation with a photograph showing the keyboard of its Kleinschmidt keyboard perforator WPE-3 using the Wheatstone system. The symbol was called the "diagonal key", and given a (non-standard) Morse code of . (This is the code for the slash symbol, entered backwards.)
In June 1960, IBM published an "Extended character set standard" that includes the symbol at 0x19. In September 1961, Bob Bemer (IBM) proposed to the X3.2 standards committee that , and be made part of the proposed standard, describing the backslash as a "reverse division operator" and cited its prior use by Teletype in telecommunications. In particular, he said, the was needed so that the ALGOL boolean operators (logical conjunction) and (logical disjunction) could be composed using and respectively. The Committee adopted these changes into the draft American Standard (subsequently called ASCII) at its November 1961 meeting.
These operators were used for min and max in early versions of the C programming language supplied with Unix V6 and V7.
The Teletype Model 33 (1963) appears to be the first commercially available unit that has the character as a standard keytop for sale in some markets; this model has a full ASCII character set.
In many programming languages such as C, Perl, PHP, Python, Unix scripting languages, and many file formats such as JSON, the backslash is used as an escape character, to indicate that the character following it should be treated specially (if it would otherwise be treated literally), or literally (if it would otherwise be treated specially).
Official source
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Ontological neighbourhood
Related concepts (16)
Newline
A newline (frequently called line ending, end of line (EOL), next line (NEL) or line break) is a control character or sequence of control characters in character encoding specifications such as ASCII, EBCDIC, Unicode, etc. This character, or a sequence of characters, is used to signify the end of a and the start of a new one. In the mid-1800s, long before the advent of teleprinters and teletype machines, Morse code operators or telegraphists invented and used Morse code prosigns to encode white space text formatting in formal written text messages.
Slash (punctuation)
The slash is the oblique slanting line punctuation mark . Also known as a stroke, a solidus, a forward slash or several other historical or technical names including oblique and virgule. Once used to mark periods and commas, the slash is now used to represent division and fractions, exclusive 'or' and inclusive 'or', and as a date separator. A slash in the reverse direction is known as a backslash. Slashes may be found in early writing as a variant form of dashes, vertical strokes, etc.
Metacharacter
A metacharacter is a character that has a special meaning to a computer program, such as a shell interpreter or a regular expression (regex) engine. In POSIX extended regular expressions, there are 14 metacharacters that must be escaped (preceded by a backslash ()) in order to drop their special meaning and be treated literally inside an expression: opening and closing square brackets ([ and ]); backslash (); caret (^); dollar sign ($); period/full stop/dot (.