Ethernet over coax

Ethernet over Coax (EoC) is a family of technologies that supports the transmission of Ethernet frames over coaxial cable. The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) maintains all official Ethernet standards in the IEEE 802 family. The first Ethernet standard, known as 10BASE5 (ThickNet) in the family of IEEE 802.3, specified baseband operation over 50 ohm coaxial cable, which remained the principal medium into the 1980s, when 10BASE2 (ThinNet) coax replaced it in deployments in the 1980s; both being replaced in the 1990s when thinner, cheaper twisted pair cabling came to dominate the market. The use of coaxial cable for Ethernet has been deprecated by the IEEE as of 2011. Research in Ethernet transmission over coaxial cable continued, as both consumers and telecommunications operators strive to use existing 75 ohm coaxial cable installations (from cable television or CATV), to carry broadband data into and through the home, and into multiple dwelling unit (MDU) installations. Most EoC technologies are being developed for in-home or on-premises networking and are expected to be operated within the domain of a single operator. HomePlug AV as well as its later extension, HomePlug AV2 both operate in a portion of the RF spectrum directly below what is commonly used for terrestrial FM radio broadcasting. HomePlug AV uses BPSK, QPSK, 16 QAM, 64 QAM, 256 QAM, and 1024 QAM modulation strategies between 2 MHz and 30 MHz while the more recent HomePlug AV2 standard extends the upper bound of its spectral use to 86 MHz. The ITU-T G.hn standard provides high-speed (up to 1 Gigabit/s) local area networking over existing home wires, including coaxial cable, power lines and phone lines. It defines an Application Protocol Convergence (APC) layer for encapsulation standard 802.3 Ethernet frames into G.hn MAC Service Data Units (MSDUs). Other ITU-T standards for home networking over coaxial cable include G.9954, also known as HomePNA 3.1.