Conscience

Summary

Conscience is a cognitive process that elicits emotion and rational associations based on an individual's moral philosophy or value system. Conscience stands in contrast to elicited emotion or thought due to associations based on immediate sensory perceptions and reflexive responses, as in sympathetic central nervous system responses. In common terms, conscience is often described as leading to feelings of remorse when a person commits an act that conflicts with their moral values. The extent to which conscience informs moral judgment before an action and whether such moral judgments are or should be based on reason has occasioned debate through much of modern history between theories of basics in ethic of human life in juxtaposition to the theories of romanticism and other reactionary movements after the end of the Middle Ages. Religious views of conscience usually see it as linked to a morality inherent in all humans, to a beneficent universe and/or to divinity. The diverse ritua

Official source

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conscience

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Handbook of Urban Mobilities

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This book offers the reader a comprehensive understanding and the multitude of methods utilized in the research of urban mobilities with cities and ‘the urban’ as its pivotal axis. It covers theories and concepts for scholars and researchers to understand, observe and analyse the world of urban mobilities. The Handbook of Urban Mobilities facilitates the understanding of urban mobilities within a historic conscience of societal transformation. It explores key concepts and theories within the ‘mobilities turn’ with a particular urban framework, as well as the methods and tools at play when empirical, urban mobilities research is undertaken. This book also explores the urban mobilities practices related to commutes; particular modes of moving; the exploration of everyday life and embodied practices as they manifest themselves within urban mobilities; and the themes of power, conflict, and social exclusion. A discussion of urban planning, public control, and governance is also undertaken in the book, wherein the themes of infrastructures, technologies and design are duly considered. With chapters written in an accessible style, this handbook carries timely contributions within the contemporary state of the art of urban mobilities research. It will thus be useful for academics and students of graduate programmes and post-graduate studies within disciplines such as urban geography, political science, sociology, anthropology, urban planning, traffic and transportation planning, and architecture and urban design.

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Les animaux ont-ils une conscience ? Les machines peuvent-elles se montrer intelligentes ? Chaque nouvelle découverte des biologistes, chaque progrès technologique nous invite à reconsidérer le propre de l’homme. Ce livre, fruit de la collaboration entre Georges Chapouthier, biologiste et philosophe de la biologie, et Frédéric Kaplan, ingénieur spécialiste de l’intelligence artificielle et des interfaces homme-machine, fait le point sur les multiples manières dont les animaux et les machines peuvent être comparés aux êtres humains. Après un panorama synthétique des capacités des animaux et des machines à apprendre, développer une conscience, ressentir douleur ou émotion, construire une culture ou une morale, les auteurs détaillent ce qui nous lie à nos alter-egos biologiques ou artificiels : attachement, sexualité, droit, hybridation. Au-delà, ils explorent des traits qui semblent spécifiquement humains – l’imaginaire, l’âme ou le sens du temps – mais pour combien de temps encore… Une exploration stimulante au coeur des mystères de la nature humaine, qui propose une redéfinition de l’homme dans son rapport à l’animal et à la machine.

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