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Concept
National personification
Summary
A national personification is an anthropomorphic personification of a state or the people(s) it inhabits. It may appear in political cartoons and propaganda.
Some early personifications in the Western world tended to be national manifestations of the majestic wisdom and war goddess Minerva/Athena, and often took the Latin name of the ancient Roman province. Examples of this type include Britannia, Germania, Hibernia, Hispania, Helvetia and Polonia. Examples of personifications of the Goddess of Liberty include Marianne, the Statue of Liberty (Liberty Enlightening the World), and many examples of United States coinage. Another ancient model was Roma, a female deity who personified the city of Rome and more broadly, the Roman state, and who was revived in the 20th century as the personification of Mussolini's "New Roman Empire". Examples of representations of the everyman or citizenry in addition to the nation itself are Deutscher Michel, John Bull and Uncle Sam.
File:Vespasian. Judaea Capta commemorative (CNG 303440).jpg|''Iudaea Capta'', "Conquered [[Judaea]]", commemorative coin issued by the [[Roman emperor]] [[Vespasian]] (left) after the [[First Jewish–Roman War|Jewish War]]
File:4 Gift Bringers of Otto III.jpg|An early example of national personification in a [[Gospels of Otto III|gospel book]] dated 990: [[Sclavinia]], [[Germania]], [[Gallia]], and [[Roman Empire|Roma]], bringing offerings to Emperor [[Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor|Otto III]].
Image:Allegorie Pacificatie van Gent.jpg|In this Allegory depicting the 1576 [[Pacification of Ghent]] by [[Adriaen van de Venne|Adriaen Pietersz van de Venne]], the seated women represent a short-lived unity among the embattled provinces of what would become the present-day Belgium and Netherlands
File:Friedrich Overbeck 008.jpg|''[[Italia und Germania]]'' (1828) by [[Johann Friedrich Overbeck]].
File:Naval-race-1909.jpg|1909 cartoon in ''[[Puck (magazine)|Puck]]'' shows (clockwise) US, Germany, Britain, France and Japan engaged in naval race in a "no limit" game.
Official source
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