Lectures related to External validity

Covers extending domains, leading coefficients, and valid extensions.

Explores proof techniques in logic, demonstrating how to prove or disprove propositions using negations and assumptions.

Covers the pitfalls of observational studies, solutions to avoid biases, and the importance of valid conclusions from 'found data'.

Covers the concept of universe of discourse and truth values in predicate logic.

Covers the concept of formal proof systems, their structure, and soundness.

Covers causal analysis of observational data, pitfalls, tools for valid conclusions, and addressing confounding variables.