Yves Rocard

Yves-André Rocard (22 May 1903 – 16 March 1992) was a French physicist who helped develop the atomic bomb for France. Rocard was born in Vannes. After obtaining a double doctorate in mathematics (1927) and physics (1928) he was awarded a professorship in electronic physics at the École normale supérieure in Paris. As a member of a Resistance group during the Second World War he flew to the UK in a small plane as part of a dangerous mission and was able to provide British intelligence with invaluable information. There he met up with Charles de Gaulle who named him Director of Research in the Forces navales françaises libres (the Navy of Free France). He became particularly interested in the detection of solar radio emissions by British Radar, which were causing military problems by jamming detection during periods of high emission, and was able to create a new radio navigational beam station. As research director, Rocard followed the French troops entering Germany. He succeeded in finding German specialists, e.g. in infrared and wireless Pathfinding and engaged them to serve in France. As for the group of nuclear physicists around Werner Heisenberg and Otto Hahn he did not succeed because Samuel Abraham Goudsmit arrived at Hechingen earlier. At Freiburg (then also French zone) Rocard protected the solar observatory and founded a French navy-owned ionospheric prediction service with Karl Rawer as scientific director. Returned to France after the war Rocard took up his function as the head of the physics department at the ENS. Whilst there he founded a radio observatory, having obtained two German "Wurzburg" Radar mirrors from the war. From 1947 he became a scientific advisor to the French military on the subject of atomic energy, eventually taking over from Frédéric Joliot-Curie after the latter was dismissed for political reasons. In 1951, Rocard became the scientific head of the French nuclear arms programme, and he is often known as the father of the French A-Bomb and H-bomb.