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Concept
Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Summary
The Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Srbi u Bosni i Hercegovini) are native in both regions of Bosnia and Herzegovina. They’re one of the three constitutive nations (state-forming nations) of the country mainly residing in the political-territorial entity of Republika Srpska and are known as Bosnian Serbs (Bosanski Srbi) in English, regardless what region they’re from.
Serbs have a long and continuous history of inhabiting the present-day territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and a long history of statehood in this territory. Slavs settled the Balkans in the 7th century and the Serbs were one of the main tribes who settled the peninsula including parts of modern-day Herzegovina. Parts of Bosnia were ruled by the Serbian prince Časlav in the 10th century before his death in 960. The territories of Duklja, including Zeta and Zachlumia were later consolidated into a Serbian Kingdom before its fall in 1101. In the second half of the 12th century, Bosnia and Herzegovina was ruled by the Nemanjić dynasty. Stephen Tomašević ruled briefly as Despot of Serbia in 1459 and as King of Bosnia between 1461 and 1463.
From the 15th to the 19th century, Ottoman rule brought discrimination against the Orthodox (Serb) population living in Bosnia and Herzegovina under the millet system, but also a Serb national consciousness. The 20th century was marked by persecution from the government of Austria-Hungary, WWII genocide, and eventual breakup of Yugoslavia leading to the Bosnian War. In the 1990s, many Serbs moved to Serbia proper and Montenegro.
Having lived in much of Bosnia-Herzegovina prior to the Bosnian War, the majority of the Serbs now live in Republika Srpska. According to the report by the Bosnia and Herzegovina statistics office, on the census of 2013 there were 1,086,733 Serbs living in Bosnia and Herzegovina. In the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbs form the majority in Drvar, Glamoč, Bosansko Grahovo and Bosanski Petrovac.
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