National Assembly of South AfricaInfobox legislature | background_color = Green | name = National Assembly | native_name = | legislature = 27th Parliament (members) | coa_pic = | coa_caption = Logo of the Parliament of the Republic of South Africa | coa_res = 200px | session_room = | house_type = Lower house | body = Parliament of South Africa | leader1_type = Speaker | leader1 = Nosiviwe Mapisa-Nqakula | party1 = ANC | election1 = 19 August 2021 | leader2_type = Deputy Speaker | leader2 = Solomon Lechesa Tsenoli | party2 = ANC | election2
Senate of South AfricaThe Senate was the upper house of the Parliament of South Africa between 1910 and its abolition from 1 January 1981, and between 1994 and 1997. Under white minority rule in the Union of South Africa, most of the Senators were chosen by an electoral college consisting of members of each of the four provincial councils and Members of the House of Assembly (the lower house of Parliament, directly elected). The remaining Senators were appointed by the Governor-General of the Union on the advice of the Prime Minister.
Senate of ZimbabweThe Senate of Zimbabwe is the upper of the two chambers in Zimbabwe's Parliament. It existed from independence in 1980 until 1989, and was re-introduced in November 2005. The other chamber of Parliament is the National Assembly. In its current form, the Senate has 80 members. Of these, 60 members are elected from 10 six-member constituencies (based on the provinces) by proportional representation using party lists; the lists must have a woman at the top and alternate between men and women.
TricameralismTricameralism is the practice of having three legislative or parliamentary chambers. It is contrasted with unicameralism and bicameralism, each of which is far more common. A disputed type of tricameralism is one where there are two legislative bodies, elected or appointed separately, and a third consisting of all members of the two, meeting together.
Senate of ChileThe Senate of the Republic of Chile is the upper house of Chile's bicameral National Congress, as established in the current Constitution of Chile. According to the present Constitution of Chile, the Senate is composed of forty-three directly elected senators, chosen by universal popular suffrage vote in 16 senatorial circumscriptions. These serve eight-year terms, with half of them being replaced every fourth year. They must be eligible to vote, have completed secondary school, or its equivalent, and be at least 35 years old.
National Congress of BrazilThe National Congress of Brazil (Congresso Nacional do Brasil) is the legislative body of Brazil's federal government. Unlike the state legislative assemblies and municipal chambers, the Congress is bicameral, composed of the Federal Senate (the upper house) and the Chamber of Deputies (the lower house). The Congress meets annually in Brasília from 2 February to 22 December, with a mid-term break taking place between 17 July and 1 August. The Senate represents the 26 states and the Federal District.
Chamber of Deputies of ChileThe Chamber of Deputies (Cámara de Diputadas y Diputados) is the lower house of Chile's bicameral Congress. Its organisation and its powers and duties are defined in articles 42 to 59 of Chile's current constitution. Deputies must: be aged at least 21; not be disqualified from voting; have finished secondary school or its equivalent; and have lived in the corresponding electoral district for at least two years prior to the election. Since 2017, Chile's congress has been elected through open list proportional representation under the D'Hondt method.
Senate of the Republic (Italy)The Senate of the Republic (Senato della Repubblica), or simply the Senate (Senato), is the upper house of the bicameral Italian Parliament (the other being the Chamber of Deputies). The two houses together form a perfect bicameral system, meaning they perform identical functions, but do so separately. Pursuant to the Articles 57, 58, and 59 of the Italian Constitution, the Senate has 200 elective members, of which 196 are elected from Italian constituencies, and 4 from Italian citizens living abroad.
