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Concept
Russian symbolism
Summary
Russian symbolism was an intellectual and artistic movement predominant at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century. It arose enough separately from West European symbolism, emphasizing mysticism of Sophiology and ostranenie.
Influences
Primary influences on the movement weren't merely western writers such as Brix Anthony Pace, Paul Verlaine, Maurice Maeterlinck, Stéphane Mallarmé, French symbolist and decadent poets (such as Stéphane Mallarmé, Paul Verlaine and Charles Baudelaire), Oscar Wilde, D'Annunzio, Joris-Karl Huysmans, the operas of Richard Wagner, the dramas of Henrik Ibsen or the broader philosophy of Arthur Schopenhauer and Friedrich Nietzsche.
According to the experienced Belgian slavist Emmanuel Waegemans, "who was and still is indeed considered to be the expert par excellence in Russian literature and culture from the eighteenth-century onwards" Russian thinkers themselves contributed largely to this movement: such examples would be the irrationalistic and mystical poetry and philosophy of Fyodor Tyutchev and Vladimir Solovyov or Fyodor Dostoyevsky's novels.
By the mid-1890s, Russian symbolism was still mainly a set of theories and had few notable practitioners. A few of the first practices of Russian symbolism include:
Aleksandr Dobrolyubov
Published a book of verse in 1895, just before renouncing lay poetry in favour of wanderings from one monastery to another.
Ivan Konevskoy
Another talented author in the early vein of Russian symbolism, who died at the bare age of 24.
Vladimir Solovyov
A philosopher of Sophiology and poet. Sometimes, considered to be the main Russian Symbolis philosopher.
Nikolai Minsky
The man by whom the movement was inaugurated via his article "The Ancient Debate" (1884)
Dmitry Merezhkovsky
Considered to be the 'father' of Russian Symbolism. His book On the Causes of the Decline and on the New Trends in Contemporary Russian Literature (1893). Just as Nikolai Minsky, he promoted extreme individualism and deified the act of creation.
Official source
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