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10 (ten) is the even natural number following 9 and preceding 11. It is the first double-digit number. Ten is the base of the decimal numeral system, the most common system of denoting numbers in both spoken and written language. Anthropology Usage and terms

A collection of ten items (most often ten years) is called a decade.
The ordinal adjective is decimal; the distributive adjective is denary.
Increasing a quantity by one order of magnitude is most widely understood to mean multiplying the quantity by ten.
To reduce something by one tenth is to decimate. (In ancient Rome, the killing of one in ten soldiers in a cohort was the punishment for cowardice or mutiny; or, one-tenth of the able-bodied men in a village as a form of retribution, thus causing a labor shortage and threat of starvation in agrarian societies.)

Other List of highways numbered 10

The number of kingdoms in Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period.
The house number of 10 Downi

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Characteristics and properties of nano-LiCoO2 synthesized by pre-organized single source precursors: Li-ion diffusivity, electrochemistry and biological assessment

Nam Hee Kwon, Mariana Spodaryk, Andreas Züttel

Background: LiCoO2 is one of the most used cathode materials in Li-ion batteries. Its conventional synthesis requires high temperature (>800 degrees C) and long heating time (>24 h) to obtain the micronscale rhombohedral layered high-temperature phase of LiCoO2 ( HT-LCO). Nanoscale HT-LCO is of interest to improve the battery performance as the lithium (Li+) ion pathway is expected to be shorter in nanoparticles as compared to micron sized ones. Since batteries typically get recycled, the exposure to nanoparticles during this process needs to be evaluated. Results: Several new single source precursors containing lithium (Li+) and cobalt (Co2+) ions, based on alkoxides and aryloxides have been structurally characterized and were thermally transformed into nanoscale HT-LCO at 450 degrees C within few hours. The size of the nanoparticles depends on the precursor, determining the electrochemical performance. The Li-ion diffusion coefficients of our - LiCoO2 nanoparticles improved at least by a factor of 10 compared to commercial one, while showing good reversibility upon charging and discharging. The hazard of occupational exposure to nanoparticles during battery recycling was investigated with an in vitro multicellular lung model. Conclusions: Our heterobimetallic single source precursors allow to dramatically reduce the production temperature and time for HT-LCO. The obtained nanoparticles of LiCoO2 have faster kinetics for Li+ insertion/extraction compared to microparticles. Overall, nano-sized - LiCoO2 particles indicate a lower cytotoxic and (pro-)inflammogenic potential in vitro compared to their micron-sized counterparts. However, nanoparticles aggregate in air and behave partially like microparticles.

2017

Self-Assembled Nanomicelles as MRI Blood-Pool Contrast Agent

Anne-Sophie Chauvin, Lothar Helm, Vassily Vorobiev

Gadolinium‐loaded nanomicelles show promise as future magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents (CAs). Their increased size and high gadolinium (Gd) loading gives them an edge in proton relaxivity over smaller molecular Gd‐complexes. Their size and stealth properties are fundamental for their long blood residence time, opening the possibility for use as blood‐pool contrast agents. Using l‐tyrosine as a three‐functional scaffold we synthesized a nanostructure building block 8. The double C18 aliphatic chain on one side, Gd‐1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane‐1‐4‐7‐triacetic acid (Gd‐DO3A) with access to bulk water in the center and 2 kDa PEG on the hydrophilic side gave the amphiphilic properties required for the core–shell nanomicellar architecture. The self‐assembly into Gd‐loaded monodispersed 10–20 nm nanomicelles occurred spontaneously in water. These nanomicelles (Tyr‐MRI) display very high relaxivity at 29 mm−1 s−1 at low field strength and low cytotoxicity. Good contrast enhancement of the blood vessels and the heart together with prolonged circulation time in vivo, makes Tyr‐MRI an excellent candidate for a new supramolecular blood‐pool MRI CA.

2017

Stereoselective synthesis of new 8-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-6-en-2-one and 8-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octa-3,6-dien-2-one derivatives. The electron-releasing and electron-withdrawing effects of homoconjugated ketones

Pierre Vogel

Two successive brominations of 8-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-6-en-2-one 6 provided 3-exo,6-exo,7-endo-tribromo-7oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-endo-one 10 with high stereoselectivity. NaBH4 reduced 10 into 3-exo, 6-exo,7-endo-tribromo-8-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-endo-ol exclusively. Selective elimination of one equivalent of HBr from 10 furnished 3-exo,7-dibromo-8-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-6-en-2-endo-ol 13. Regio- and stereoselective addition of PhSeCl to enone 6, followed by alpha -ketone bromination and treatment with a base led selectively to 7-(phenylseleno)-8-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octa-3,6-dien-2-one 20. The high selectivities observed are attributed to steric factors and to electronic factors such as electron-releasing or electron-withdrawing effects of homoconjugated carbonyl group.

2001

1 (one, unit, unity) is a number representing a single or the only entity. 1 is also a numerical digit and represents a single unit of counting or measurement. For example, a line segment of unit leng

Numerical digit

A numerical digit (often shortened to just digit) is a single symbol used alone (such as "1") or in combinations (such as "15"), to represent numbers in a positional numeral system. The name "digit"

Positional notation

Positional notation (or place-value notation, or positional numeral system) usually denotes the extension to any base of the Hindu–Arabic numeral system (or decimal system). More generally, a positi

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