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Concept
Söğüt
Summary
Söğüt (ˈsœ.yt, willow; Greek: Θηβάσιον or Θηβάσιο, Thêbásion) is a town in Bilecik Province, Turkey. It is the seat of Söğüt District. Its population is 13,566 (2021). The mayor is İsmet Sever (MHP), elected in 2019.
Söğüt is notable as the founding location and first capital of the Ottoman Empire from 1299 to 1335.
The name of the settlement is first attested under the Greek name Thêbásion in 13th century. According to Ottoman cadastral record books of 1487 in Hüdavendigâr area the town was registered under the Turkish name Beğsöğüdü or Bey Söğüdü, and this name took the form Söğüd in government records after the first half of the 17th century. According to Sevan Nişanyan during the 15th and 16th centuries Söğüd was used the describe the kazâ, meanwhile Beğsöğüdü was used to mean the central settlement of that kazâ. He also proposed that the Greek name, if loaned to Turkish, must have been evolved to Sivad or Sivas, which in turn might be the source of the later Turkish names.
The town was originally known under the name Thêbásion and lay on a strategically important road between Nicaea and Dorylaion that was part of the Pilgrim's Road. It was conquered by Ertuğrul for the Anatolian Seljuks from the Nicean Empire in 1231. Ertuğrul and his tribe (allegedly part of the Kayi tribe/branch of the Oghuz Turks who invaded Anatolia in the 12th and 13th centuries) migrated and settled there during the Mongol invasion after the Battle of Köse Dağ. Ertuğrul ruled from here until his death and also made a mosque for the Muslims living there, including a well which could be used for Ablution. The mosque is still located in there as Ertuğrul Gazi Mosque. As the Rum Seljuk state collapsed, Söğüt became the centre of the Beylik of the Osmanoğulları or Osmanlı Beylik (which later expanded to become the Ottoman Empire). Söğüt was the birthplace of Osman I who continued the raids and conquests into Byzantine territory during his reign from 1299 to 1324. When Osman's son, Orhan, came to power after his father's death, he renamed the Kayi tribe Osmanlı in honour of his father.
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