SukarnoSukarno (suːˈkɑrnoʊ , suˈkarno; born Koesno Sosrodihardjo, ˈkʊsnɔ;surname 6 June 1901 – 21 June 1970) was an Indonesian statesman, orator, revolutionary, and nationalist who was the first president of Indonesia, serving from 1945 to 1967. Sukarno was the leader of the Indonesian struggle for independence from the Dutch colonialists. He was a prominent leader of Indonesia's nationalist movement during the colonial period and spent over a decade under Dutch detention until released by the invading Japanese forces in World War II.
Cold WarThe Cold War was a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies, the Western Bloc and the Eastern Bloc. The term cold war is used because there was no large-scale fighting directly between the two superpowers, but they each supported opposing sides in major regional conflicts known as proxy wars. The conflict was based on the ideological and geopolitical struggle for global influence by these two superpowers, following their roles as the Allies of World War II that led to victory against Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan in 1945.
YogyakartaYogyakarta (ˌjoʊɡjəˈkɑrtə; ꦔꦪꦺꦴꦒꦾꦏꦂꦠ ŋɑːˈjɔɡjɔˈkɑːrtɔ; Jogjakarta) is the capital city of Special Region of Yogyakarta in Indonesia, in the south-central part of the island of Java. As the only Indonesian royal city still ruled by a monarchy, Yogyakarta is regarded as an important centre for classical Javanese fine arts and culture such as ballet, batik textiles, drama, literature, music, poetry, silversmithing, visual arts, and wayang puppetry.
Politics of IndonesiaThe politics of Indonesia take place in the framework of a presidential representative democratic republic whereby the President of Indonesia is both head of state and head of government and of a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the bicameral People's Consultative Assembly. The judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature. The 1945 constitution provided for a limited separation of executive, legislative and judicial power.
Javanese peopleThe Javanese (Orang Jawa; ꦮꦺꦴꦁꦗꦮ, Wong Jawa ; ꦠꦶꦪꦁꦗꦮꦶ, Tiyang Jawi ) are an Austronesian ethnic group native to the central and eastern part of the Indonesian island of Java. With approximately 100 million people, Javanese people are the largest ethnic group in both Indonesia and in Southeast Asia as a whole. Their native language is Javanese, it is the largest of the Austronesian languages in number of native speakers and also the largest regional language in Southeast Asia.
Dutch East IndiesThe Dutch East Indies, also known as the Netherlands East Indies (Nederlands(ch)-Indië; Hindia Belanda), was a Dutch colony consisting of what is now Indonesia. It was formed from the nationalised trading posts of the Dutch East India Company, which came under the administration of the Dutch government in 1800. During the 19th century, the Dutch fought many wars against indigenous rulers and peoples. At the cost of hundreds of thousands of lives, the Dutch reign reached the greatest territorial extent in the early 20th century.
Communist Party of IndonesiaThe Communist Party of Indonesia (Indonesian: Partai Komunis Indonesia, PKI) was a communist party in Indonesia. It was the largest non-ruling communist party in the world before its violent disbandment in 1965. The party had two million members in the 1955 elections, with 16 percent of the national vote and almost 30 percent of the vote in East Java. During most of the period immediately following the Indonesian Independence until the eradication of the PKI in 1965, it was a legal party operating openly in the country.
History of IndonesiaThe history of Indonesia has been shaped by geographic position, its natural resources, a series of human migrations and contacts, wars of conquest, the spread of Islam from the island of Sumatra in the 7th century AD and the establishment of Islamic kingdoms, as well as by trade Bowls, Jars, Jugs and so on, economics and politics. Indonesia is an archipelagic country of 17,000 to 18,000 islands (8,844 named and 922 permanently inhabited) stretching along the equator in South East Asia.
SurakartaSurakarta (ꦯꦸꦫꦏꦂꦠ, Pegon: ), known colloquially as Solo (ꦱꦭ; Sálá), is a major city in Central Java, Indonesia. The 46.72 km2 (18.04 sq mi) city adjoins Karanganyar Regency and Boyolali Regency to the north, Karanganyar Regency and Sukoharjo Regency to the east and west, and Sukoharjo Regency to the south. On the eastern side of Solo lies Solo River (Bengawan Solo). Its metropolitan area, consisting of Surakarta City and 59 districts spread over seven regencies ("Greater Solo Area", formerly Special Region of Surakarta), was home to 3,649,254 inhabitants as at the 2010 census, around half million of whom reside in the city proper.
BandungBandung (Kota Bandung, Pegon: , ˈbandʊŋ; ˈbɑːndʊŋ) is the capital city of West Java province of Indonesia. Located in the island of Java, Greater Bandung (Bandung Basin Metropolitan Area / BBMA) is the country's second-largest and most populous metropolitan area, with over 11 million inhabitants. Situated above sea level, the highest point in the North area with an altitude of and the lowest in the South is above sea level, approximately southeast of Jakarta, Bandung has cooler year-round temperatures than most other Indonesian cities.
