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Concept
Physical plant
Summary
Physical plant, mechanical plant or industrial plant (and where context is given, often just plant) refers to the necessary infrastructure used in operation and maintenance of a given facility. The operation of these facilities, or the department of an organization which does so, is called "plant operations" or facility management. Industrial plant should not be confused with "manufacturing plant" in the sense of "a factory". This is a holistic look at the architecture, design, equipment, and other peripheral systems linked with a plant required to operate or maintain it.
The design and equipment in a Nuclear Power Plant, has for the most part remained stagnant over the last 30 years There are three types of reactor cooling mechanisms: “Light water reactors, Liquid Metal Reactors and High Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactors”. While for the most part equipment remains the same, there have been some minimal modifications to existing reactors improving safety and efficiency. There have also been significant design changes for all these reactors. However, they remain theoretical and unimplemented. Nuclear power plant equipment can be separated into two categories: Primary systems and Balance-Of-Plant Systems. Primary systems are equipment involved in the production and safety of nuclear power. The reactor specifically has equipment such as, reactor vessels usually surrounding the core for protection, the reactor core which holds fuel rods. It also includes reactor cooling equipment consisting of liquid cooling loops, circulating coolant. These loops are usually separate systems each having at least one pump. Other equipment includes Steam generators and pressurizers that ensures pressure in the plant is adjusted as needed. Containment equipment is the physical structure built around the reactor to protect the surroundings from reactor failure. Lastly primary systems also include Emergency core cooling Equipment and Reactor protection Equipment. Balance-Of-Plant Systems are equipment used commonly across power plants in the production and distribution of power.
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