October 2

829 – Theophilos succeeds his father Michael II as Byzantine Emperor. 939 – Battle of Andernach: Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor, crushes a rebellion against his rule, by a coalition of Eberhard of Franconia and other Frankish dukes. 1263 – The Battle of Largs is fought between Norwegians and Scots. 1470 – The Earl of Warwick's rebellion forces King Edward IV of England to flee to the Netherlands, restoring Henry VI to the throne. 1552 – Russo-Kazan Wars: Russian troops enter Kazan. 1780 – American Revolutionary War: John André, a British Army officer, is hanged as a spy by the Continental Army. 1789 – The United States Bill of Rights is sent to the various States for ratification. 1835 – Texas Revolution: Mexican troops attempt to disarm the people of Gonzales, but encounter stiff resistance from a hastily assembled militia. 1864 – American Civil War: Confederates defeat a Union attack on Saltville, Virginia. A massacre of wounded Union prisoners ensues. 1870 – By plebiscite, the citizens of the Papal States accept annexation by the Kingdom of Italy. 1920 – Ukrainian War of Independence: Mikhail Frunze orders the Red Army to immediately cease hostilities with the Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine. 1928 – The "Prelature of the Holy Cross and the Work of God", commonly known as Opus Dei, is founded. 1937 – Rafael Trujillo orders the execution of Haitians living in the border region of the Dominican Republic. 1942 – World War II: Ocean Liner accidentally rams and sinks , killing over 300 crewmen aboard Curacoa. 1944 – World War II: German troops end the Warsaw Uprising. 1958 – Guinea declares its independence from France. 1967 – Thurgood Marshall is sworn in as the first African-American justice of the United States Supreme Court. 1968 – Mexican President Gustavo Díaz Ordaz orders soldiers to suppress a demonstration of unarmed students, ten days before the start of the 1968 Summer Olympics. 1970 – An aircraft carrying the Wichita State University football team, administrators, and supporters crashes in Colorado, killing 31 people.